Timeline of the Vietnam War (Second Indochina War)

Personal Experience Is The World Can Not Be Fully...

Personal experience is a gateway to recollection, attitudes, and knowledge. By trying different ice cream flavors an individual can establish a preferred flavor, by playing in the outdoors an individual can decipher his or her ideal season, and by looking at an array of colors an individual can determine a favorite hue. Without personal experience, an individual inherently lacks a certain depth of knowledge about the qualitative components of experience, and can only hold understandings based upon physical components. In Epiphenomenal Qualia, Frank Jackson asserts that physicalism is false because the world cannot be fully described based solely upon physical descriptions. Jackson proposes a thought experiment known as the Knowledge Argument that seeks to clarify the distinction between formal knowledge and qualitative experience. Supporters of physicalism would contend that the qualia is only relevant to ability, and formal understanding is the only significant component to knowledg e. However, Jackson’s thought experiment successfully identifies an error in physicalism by demonstrating that ability teaches a type of knowledge that cannot be taught through purely physical terminology, which therefore affirms that physicalism proposes ideas that are narrow to be entirely valid. Foremost, it is prudent to emphasize the difficulty in clearly defining physicalism. The general idea is that science can tell us everything about the world. Specifically, physicalism asserts thatShow MoreRelatedThe Meaning of Accessing Our Thoughts947 Words   |  4 PagesThis principle implies individual’s ability to process inner thoughts in such a way that nobody else can. 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And when the blast of the trumpet sounded long and became louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him by voice. Then the Lord came down upon Mount Sinai, on the top of the mountain. And the Lord called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.† (Exodus 19:17-20Read MoreHolistic Approach to Nursing and Cultural Approach to Nursing1726 Words   |  7 Pagesbaseline understanding of the metaparadigm. Roys view of person, as stated in the Roy Adaptation Model (2009), is as follows, â€Å"An adaptive system with cognator and regulator subsystems acting to maintain adaption in four adaptive modes: physiologic – physical, self – concept – group identity, role function, and interdependence† (p. 12). 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In Literary Theory: A Brief Introduction by Jonathan Culler, this concept is further examined, with Culler stratifying literature into two distinct types of language, performative and constative. While constative language draws upon factual or literal interpretations, performative language deals more so with embellishment or the expression of details as they seem. In a similar manner, author Tim O’Bri en coins the term â€Å"story truth†, a derivative of â€Å"real truth†, within his novelRead MoreSummary Of The Utopia Bible 1723 Words   |  7 Pagesaffirms their sense of self by the unification of their internal complexes with their external behavior through the inducement of an objective internal reality created by our psyche to connect us with our complexes, derived from a subjective personal experience, created by the objective external reality which is designed to condition behavior. 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In analyzing quality of life (QOL), this writing attempts to reveal a more solidified and practical definition by evaluating the concepts common themes across various literature sources. The concepts universal attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents will be applied to distinctive circumstantial cases to fully illustrate the essential

Lord of Flies Free Essays

Humankind seems to have an enormous capacity for savagery, for brutality, for lack of empathy, for lack of compassion. † This quote introduces the idea that humans have a brutal nature and are drawn away from the civilized ways of life because of it. When true human nature is allowed to be seen, these savagely characteristics are made visible and these other courteous ways of life are forgotten. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of Flies or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Gilding, the boys choose to allow Jack’s violent and fearful leadership, abandoning Rally’s authority based on order and civilized norms, proving that rule based on savagery appeals to mans dark human nature and will overshadow leadership based on civility to the detriment of society. This realization is shown in the novel when, at the beginning, all of the boys follow the same rules that have been put on them for their whole lives, but as the story progresses Jack follows his savagery human instincts and some boys follow. At he end of the story all of the boys true selves are exposed and savagery and brutality have consumed the boys. At the start of the novel,while on the island the boys follow the rules that society has always made them follow, making the Island a peaceful and organized society but very early on it is made known that the boys don’t want to follow these norms that have been put on them their entire life. When they first get to the island, they keep order by electing a leader. â€Å"†¦ We ought to have a hive to decide things†¦ Let’s have a vote†¦ TLS toy of voting was almost as pleasing as the conch. † peg. 22. Voting Is something that is done In a normal society and they boys take this systematic way of making decisions and use It on the Island. This shows that for a small amount of time, their regular ways of living stay with them because this Is what seems normal to them. They have been taught these ways to do things their entire life and they have been enforced by adults so they continue to do this while on he Island. Adding on to that, the boys also take things that they have learned In school and apply It to the Island. While deciding who should talk during assemblies, Ralph suggests that, ‘We’ll have to have ‘Hands up’ Like at school†¦ Then I’ll give him the conch†¦ He can hold It when he’s speaking. † peg. 33 Ralph, suggests this because this Is what they have been taught to do In school when they have something to say that way chaos and commotion Is prevented. How to cite Lord of Flies, Papers

Harvey Norman Management Context Samples for Students Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Harvey Norman Management. Answer: Introduction Harvey Norman Company is a large retailer in Australian retail market. It is a multinational retailer of furniture, beddings, computers, consumer electrical products and communication. According to the study, the company operates as a franchised and it is listed at Australia Stoke Exchange as Harvey Norman Holding Company. Harvey Norman Holding Company it operating in Australia and New Zealand retail market, however, the company is also operating its stores in Slovenia, Asia, and Ireland. The company top management has implemented some marketing management policies where some brands in the market are branded as Harvey Norman, this is with the main objectives to increase the company market share, other products have names such as Domayne and Joyce Mayne. According to the Harvey Norman Holdings 2010, Gerry Norman is the Chairperson of the company where Harvey family owns 30% of the company(Salek, 2010). Management is defined as the process of planning, directing coordinating and controlling the functions of the organization towards accomplishing its strategic goals and objectives. Management in an organization depends on theoretical frameworks that are installed by the board of directors. Strategic management tools also determine the management context of an organization. The organizations' management plays a key role in making essential decisions of the enterprise. The main purpose of this paper is to provide an intellectual understanding of management in a business organization. Harvey Norman Holdings Company is an organization that embraces it concern to accomplish its mission by installing and implementing on management theoretical concepts(Derbyshire Wright, 2017). The paper will primarily analyze the business factor such as organizational structure, business environmental factors, organizational business practices and functions. The decisional making process and applicable business strategies contribute towards accomplishing the organizational goals and objectives, the top management of an enterprise have a critical role to play to enhance better decision-making as well as developing appropriate business strategies. Harvey Holdings Company key facts Gerry Harvey and Ian Norman in 1951 opened their first discounted store they later joint their business and created one new organization which Harvey Norman; therefore, Harvey Norman Holdings is a public company that is focused to be formed by the combination of two organization. The company products and services include small appliance, furnitures, computers, communications, home improvements, flooring, and carpeting(Ismail, Rahman, Ismail , Daud, Khidzir, 2017). Harvey Norman Holdings Company slogan is known to be "Go, Harvey, Go Harvey, Go Harvey Norman", the company motto is Much like the supporting anthem for a favorite sporting team, conveys the enthusiasm and entrepreneurial spirit embedded in the Franchise operators and the Harvey Norman culture". Knowledge management and e-commerce Knowledge management and e-commerce are the management concepts of a business organization. E-commerce is defined as the business transaction that involves the transfer of information across the internet, e-commerce cover wide range of the different types of a business enterprise from the consumer based retail services, to the business exchange of goods and services between the companies(Andam, 2014). E-commerce is the primary element that demonstrates the impact of globalization factors to the business sector. Harvey Norman Holdings Company is an international corporation that has focus on the globalization factor, technological changes are one of the globalization factors that has a positive impact on a business enterprise. According to the Harvey Norman, Holdings Company profile 2010, the multinational firm is planning to increase the operational services that are contributed by E-commerce(Salek, 2010). According to the company chairman Gerry Harvey, Harvey Norman Holdings Company will operate its site using the experience gathered from the Domayne sites and the existing photo-finishing, we are confident our on-line transactional strategy will produce incremental dollars to the existing channel. Harvey Norman Holdings Company is also planning to use e-commerce marketing approach in order out-do on the traditional marketing approach, the traditional marketing approach was earlier installed by the management to enhance proactive catalog with the consumers(Hollensen, 2015). Better customer targeting is the main purpose of using e-commerce in business activities, Harvey Norman Holdings Company is focusing on increasing the customer acquisition and reducing the cost of operation of its activities(Dylan , 2011 ). On the other hand, Knowledge management is also the organization management context that is defines as the process of applying the systemic approach to capture, structure, and managing as well as disseminating knowledge throughout the organization departments, this is to reduced the cost of operation, provide best organization practices and promote the organizational development(Hislop, 2013). According to Harvey Norman Holdings Company 2016 report, knowledge management is driven by the organization management commitment that encourages competition between the departmental management as well as between the company employees(Mayne, 2017). Human Resource, production and sale department are the primary sections of the company which is encouraged to implement knowledge management approach, by innovating on new measure proving quality services and products to the consumers(Holsapple, 2013). Environmental Forces affecting The environmental forces affecting business organization implies the business factor that affects both internal and external activities of the company. While evaluating the business environmental forces, the strategic management tools are used to determine the internal and external business operations(Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). PESTEL analysis PESTEL analysis approach is one of the strategic management tools that is used by Harvey Norman Holdings Company to determine its external operations, PESTLE analysis helps in scrutinizing the macro business factors(Grnig Khn, Global Environmental Analysis., 2015). Political The political environmental factor implies the impacts of the existing government in the specific market. This factor is affecting the external operations of an organization since the company can be linked with campaign issues or can be perceived to persuade its employee to vote for a particular candidate. Gerry Harvey is the company CEO and the Chairman of the Board of director, this is one of the political impacts to the business organization(Grnig Khn, Global Environmental Analysis., 2015). Economic In 2010 annual report, the company reported to have flat sales for the year since the consumers reduced their expenditure, this impact was originating from the effects of the downturn of the foreign international currencies. Harvey Norman Holdings Company in an international corporation which operates in various markets, US dollar has been affecting the operations of the company since the currency keeps own changing at any other time. Economic factor is also reflected as an aspect that affect the organizational design, when economic crisis is experience internationally the company will tend to reduce other departments that are considered not to be relevant to the company during the course of the economic crisis. Sociological Harvey Norman company is a multinational enterprise that has decided to impact the Australian society and other markets that it operates, this is by providing products and services that are relevant to the consumers. Harvey Norman Company is large organization that promotes positive lifestyle of people, especially to its employees(Salek, 2010). Technological According to Harvey Norman Holdings Company Profile from Hoovers 2010, the U.S economy has influenced the business spending for the software product as well as the success of programming enterprises depends on the technical professionals. However, technology is an essential element that may affect the organizational structure design, technology will tend to change the organization design since it focus on efficiency and lowing the cost of production. Legal This is also the external business environmental force that affects the operation of Harvey Norman Holdings Company. The company needs to operate under the compliance of the existing legal frameworks(Grnig Morschett, Determining the Target Markets. In Developing International Strategies, 2017). Environmental Like any other operating company in the business sector, Harvey Norman Holding Company has been faced with a lot of issue relating to the environment, the company is criticized to be not thoughtful to the environment. Harvey Norman Holding Company removed many trees while opening its new stores, and thus affecting the environment. Microenvironment forces SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis of Harvey Norman Holding Company provides a comprehensive analysis of the internal operations of the company. It elaborates key strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats that influence the operations of the company, this strategic tool could provide the competitive advantage(Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). Strengths Harvey Norman Holding Company strengths provide the company with the competitive advantage. The company has high growth rate since it operates in large market. It also has skilled workforce, experienced business units(Derbyshire Wright, 2017). Weakness Harvey Norman Holding Company is operating on loans that affect the internal activities of the company, high loans rates increase the company debt. Apparently, Harvey Norman Holding Company is operating on in a diluted market where the marketing issues such as changing on consumer interest and behavior are commonly experience, and thus affecting how the organization structure. Opportunities An opportunity implies new business factors that influence the internal activities of the company. Harvey Norman Holding Company has innovated on producing new products, anticipating to have high profitability due to increase in the global market(Holsapple, 2013). Threats A threat implies a factor that affects both internal and external business operation. Tax is a component of the business environment that affects the external operations of the business; increase in tax charges reduces the company profits. Increasing rates also affect the internal and external business environment; it also reduces profits to be recorded by the company. Conclusion Decision made in an organization depends on the management approach implemented by the top management. Harvey Norman Company is a large retailer in Australian retail market. It is a multinational retailer of furniture, beddings, computers, consumer electrical products and communication. The company operates as a franchised and it is listed at Australia Stoke Exchange as Harvey Norman Holding Company. Strategic analysis tool provide an overview of the management context of the business, PESTLE and SWOT analysis are the strategic analysis tools used in the paper to analyze the management context of Harvey Norman Company. Knowledge management and e-commerce are the management concepts that are analyzed by the study to elaborate on the management context of Harvey Norman Company. References Andam, Z. R. (2014). e-Commerce and e-Business. Derbyshire, J., Wright, G. (2017). Augmenting the intuitive logics scenario planning method for a more comprehensive analysis of causation. International Journal of Forecasting, 33(1), 254-266. Dylan , B.-E. (2011 ). Harvey Norman looks to online sales channel. arvey Norman (ASX:HVN) aims to grow sales through a new e-commerce site launching next month, and an upcoming software on demand venture. Retrieved September 30, 2011 , from https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/402593/harvey_norman_looks_online_sales_channel/ Grnig, R., Khn, R. (2015). Global Environmental Analysis. In The Strategy Planning Process (pp. 89-96). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Grnig, R., Morschett, D. (2017). Determining the Target Markets. In Developing International Strategies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hill, W., Jones, R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hislop, D. (2013). Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. . Oxford University Press. Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. . Pearson Education. Holsapple, C. (2013). Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters (Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Ismail, S., Rahman, A., Ismail , A., Daud, Khidzir, N. (2017). Internet Marketing Strategy for Furniture Industry: A Research Based Ergonomics Sofa. In Advances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education. Springer International Publishing. Laudon, K. C., Traver, C. (2016). E-Commerce 2016: Business, Technology, Society. Pearson Higher Ed. Mayne, S. (2017). ASA shoots the lights out in 2016 AGM season. Equity. 31(1), 4. Salek, N. (2010). Harvey Norman looks to e-commerce . Retrieved May 24, 2010, from https://www.crn.com.au/news/harvey-norman-looks-to-e-commerce-175648

Christina Harwood Essays - Mirror, Nightgown,

Christina Harwood February 4, 1999 LA 345 P. Souvorin Close Call Late one evening a young woman, in tears, steps into her bathroom torn apart with emotional pain and anguish. She raises her head to look in the mirror. A terror stricken face shines back at her with the coloring of a Scarlet Macaws red breast and a pasty complexion on her face. Her high, delicate cheekbones are waterfall ledges from the tears that she sheds. As she stands before the mirror, she is clad in a long, flowing nightgown the color of the full moon. She turns away from the mirror and her small, dainty feet are heard as she ever so slowly turns towards her bathtub. Its seems like an eternity for her to go just two steps from the mirror and her image. She begins to look at a small, sharp object in the back corner of her tub. Curious she picks this up and begins to trifle with it. All the while her sobs become deeper and would pierce any bystanders soul with the gut wrenching sound they brand to the ears. Her whole body is numb from her anguish and she senses her soul becoming lost in a void of nothingness. Looking at the object through clouded blue eyes, she lowers it towards her right wrist of soft, peachy flesh. Slowly she closes her eyes and in one swift motion her skin starts to ooze her life's essence, blood. Eyes tightened and biting on her lower lip, she whimpers from the pain that has now become physical. Her sobs are quelled as her pain is freed from her wrist as she sits propped against her toilet. Thinking begins to become sluggish as her time nears. She lays the flowing fountain of release in her lap. Her nightgown becomes a blood-moon, stained forever with her spirit in the liquid that ran from her. Her breathing enters upon a preparation for her ceasing to exist; thoughts are now in oblivion with her soul. For, she has done that most of heinous of deeds a person could execute die at their own hand. Now her spirit is slumped over her once lively shell that held her soul, she is lifted towards the heavens to her final resting. A mixture of fragrances at the spot where her body lies that of sweet, wild roses and a salty pungency which was wrought from the deep red liquid. A shattering scream tears the young from her sleep sitting straight up in a cold sweat. She begins to frantically check that she is fine finally, assured that it was nothing but a mere dream. Slays her head back down onto her soft, downy pillow drifting back to sleep with her cat at her feet and cuddling close to Honey, her teddy bear.

Ws Cabinet essays

W's Cabinet essays Over the last couple of weeks George W. Bush has made his cabinet selections. For Secretary of Agriculture he appointed Ann Veneman, a former California agriculture director. For his attorney General he chose Senator John Ashcroft from Missouri. For his Commerce Secretary he chose Don Evens who was Bushes campaign chairman. As Defense Secretary Bush chose previous defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld. The Secretary of Education he chose was Rod Paige the superintendent of the Huston Independent School District. His Environmental Protection Agency Director is New Jersey governor Christie Whitman. The Feral Communication Commission Chairman he chose is Michael Powell a FCC commissioner. Health and Human Services Secretary appointed by Bush was good old Tommy Thompson from Wisconsin, who has been governor of our state for about 14 years and has been very active in welfare reform. The only controversy surrounding our Tommy so far is his political ties with the tobacco conglomerates ; he has received campaign funds and has taken trips with tobacco lobbyists. His Housing Secretary is Mel Martinez who was the head of Orange County, FL. Bushs Interior Secretary is former Colorado attorney general Gale Norton. The Labor Secretary Bush appointed is Former Peace Crops director Elaine Chao who was nominated after Linda Chavez withdrew. Mrs. Chavez did so because of controversy about an illegal immigrant who she had as a servant. Bushs NASA Administer is Harrison Schmitt an Apollo 17 astronaut. The person who Bush appointed to National Security Adviser is Stanford University scholar Condoleezza Rice. The Navy Secretary is Tillie Fowler a Navy Veteran. As the Office of Management and Budget Bush appointed Mitch Douglas who is senior vice president of the pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly and Co. The Transportation Secretary Bush chose is Secretary of Commerce Norman Y. Mineta. Paul ONeill, who is a ...

Detailed research proposal-Role of social media on the 2011 london Essay

Detailed research proposal-Role of social media on the 2011 london riots - Essay Example In recent years, since the dawn of the Arab Spring, it has also become a means of informing the public about political issues and of rallying the public towards collective action. This was very much apparent in 2011 when various riots and demonstrations were organized, spurred on, and won with the primary help of social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. The so-called Facebook Revolution was seen in Egypt when various demonstrations against the ruling government were staged by the general population with the help of Facebook. This was also seen in London in 2011 from August 6-11 when various events led to various demonstrations in the British capital. During the riots and demonstrations, many of those participating did not cover their faces, even posing for pictures while they made off with stolen goods and posting them in the social networking sites (BBC, 2011). There are different theories which would help explain the impact of the social media on the 2011 London riots. On e of these theories includes the social movement theory which indicates a useful foundation in understanding the movement of individuals with the end goal of managing collective actions and problems relating to individual movement participation (Dewey, et.al., 2012). This theory presents a context upon which the role of the social media can be further understood. Political struggles can manifest in different incarnations, including protest, collective action and contention (Tilly, 2011). Protests express shared ideals which are often observed in street politics. For collective action, this occurs where a specific group shares interests and acts based on such interests. Finally, contention includes making claims with parties also making demands affecting collective interests. The social movement theory argues that communities having strong network ties are more likely to go through collective actions as compared with those having weak ties. Strong social ties in networks often enable initial calls for participation in social movements, and later they ease the way towards participation as they decrease issues in mobilization. McAdam and Paulsen (1993) also argue that strong social ties help recruit individuals, as well as serve as effective communication tools in spreading messages for social movements across networks. To a large extent, just as the social media was used to draw in more participants, the social media also became a tool by which these rioters were apprehended for their illegal actions. The utility of the social media worked both ways (Denef, et.al., 2013). Cases of looting and vandalism were actually resolved by the police by looking through Flickr and Facebook, looking through galleries of pictures in order to identify perpetrators. Most of the riots were also organized and triggered through Twitter. At some point, Twitter was described as a tool for promoting gang violence (Williams, 2011). However, evidence also indicates that the riots were i nspired by postings based on daily news from the media (Williams, 2011). Based on these circumstances, it would be logical to conclude that the social media has had a major role in the outcome of the 2011 London riots. The impact here refers to how the social media has helped in spreading word-of-mouth, impacting on the largest number of

Strategic Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Business Environment - Essay Example This essay declares that the mission of any organization is always in line with the culture and thus aligning strategies in line with these means that only consideration of internal factors. Not anything that has to undergo a thorough review is a plan for a competing market. Besides, it seeks to maintain the norms and the beliefs of the people. This paper makes a conclusion that a strategic drift results from choices made in the organization. Not only does strategic drifts distract the management from its path of success, but also result in a complete loss of momentum. Additionally, it can lead to the wastage of money, time and other valuable resources. Overall, it increases the overall cost of operation and may sometimes lead the firm away from achieving its competitive advantage. Though undesired in the current business world, numerous causes result in a strategic drift. Some of the causing factors include paradigms, organizational culture, the reactive nature of companies and unhealthful institutionalized patterns. Organizations need to study the market condition prior to the changes occurring in it. The proactive aspect of the operation is the only tool that can control strategic drift. Besides, for sound management practices, a critical analysis of the business environment is necessary. Strategy formulations should als o be in line with the ever-changing trends, and there is a need for movement from the traditions or culture of organizations to more realistic views of the world.

Jewish Civilization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jewish Civilization - Assignment Example Significant of Tanakh to Jewish history Jewish are also called â€Å"the people of the book†. After the demolition of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Jewish sacrifices were impossible and the life style of Jews turned to Tanakh study accompanied with synagogue prayers. The study Tanakh including other Jewish writings is important to the life of religious. Tanakh, Talmud, and other writing are major sources to learn about Jewish history and God’s commandments, whereby this two continue to portray a main part in Jewish. To remember various things that God did to the Jewish and His commandments, selections of important Tanakh and prophets takes place in the synagogues. To help in good interpretation of the God’s commandments, effective rabbinical writings develop daily. Studying Tanakh is significant in the Jewish history since it is an important portion of the Jewish children’s education, and thus Jewish religion centers on intensive writing study. 3. Oral Torah Apart from the written Torah, there was also oral Torah, which God gave to Moses at Mount Sinai during the forty years Israelites took in the desert. Oral Torah involves two parts, the Gemara and the Mishnah both of which gives a wide range of principles included in the written torah. The Oral Torah is a tradition explaining the meaning of the written Torah, ways of interpreting them, and ways of applying the Laws. Jewish believe that Gog gave Moses and taught him the Oral Torah, who taught the other Jewish. This Jewish tradition remained functional until 2nd century C.E. During this century, Jewish piled up the Oral Torah and wrote it down in a form of a document known as Mishnah. Examples of oral Torah include the Halachah (Laws given to Moses at Sinai) and the Shlosh Esreh Middot Sheha Torah Nidreshet Bahem (The thirteen principles of Torah Exegesis). Significance of Oral Torah to Jewish History The Jewish theology believes that Oral Torah brings value as commentary, history, an d understanding of how Jewish interpreted certain aspects. For instance, â€Å"an eye for an eye† statement means financial compensation. However, many Messiah teaching are in the Oral Torah and extra information explaining the meanings of these Messiah teaching are in the Talmud. Additionally, Oral Torah teaches us the issue and thinking processes of Christians and therefore Oral Torah deserve good understanding and respect. Oral Torah is significant because it contains broad interpretation of the written Torah in the light of transforming circumstances to enable it adapt new situations. However, it shows Jewish people daily basis requirements. Although different Jewish people apply the Oral Torah laws in dissimilar ways, they normally acknowledge significance of Oral Torah by ensuring that all oral principles remain applicable. Nevertheless, Oral Torah plays a significant role in the current Judaism practices. 8. Siddur A Siddur is a Jewish prayer book, which contains a set of daily prayers. The earliest portions of this Jewish prayer book are the Hear O Israel (Shema Yisrael), and the Numbers (Priestly Blessing), which were contained in the Torah. Soncino in Italy published the Siddur in the year 1486, although it its distribution was in the year 1865. As early as 1538, Siddur started to come into view in the vernacular. Significance of Siddur to the Jewish History Siddur prayer book is significant to the Jewish

Importance of Accelerometer Selection

Importance of Accelerometer Selection Accelerometer: Vibrations are everywhere in our lives. They may be generated and transmitted by different things, such as motors, turbines, machines and plants, structures and buildings, or even by human body. Some vibrations are desirable, and some of them can be disturbing or destructive. So understanding the causes of vibrations, measuring and reducing them is important. Accelerometer is a device, designed to measure vibrations in different situations and environments. Function: The heart of an accelerometer is a piezoelectric material (like quartz or ceramic crystal). Figure shows this material as a disc for piezoelectric effect explanation. Imagine that piezoelectric material (the disk) is located between two electrodes, like a capacitor. When a force is applied perpendicular to the disk, a voltage is produced at the electrodes. This phenomenon is called piezoelectric effect. Main elements of an accelerometer are piezoelectric material and seismic mass (Figure ). A seismic mass is attached to one side of the disk, and another side is attached to a sensor. When the accelerometer is subjected to vibration, a generated force acts on the piezoelectric element. According to Newtons Law, this force is equal to the product of the seismic mass and the acceleration (m.a). Based on the piezoelectric effect, an output charge is generated, proportional to the applied force. Since the seismic mass is constant, the output charge signal is proportional to the acceleration of the mass. In wide frequency ranges, sensor and seismic mass have the same acceleration amount, as a result, the sensor measures the acceleration of the test sample (Ref). Different types: In sum, four main types of accelerometers are available; Premium grade accelerometers are made from premium crystals and use low noise circuitry to produce a premium. They have steel cover and this cover can protect them in harsh industrial environments. Industrial grade accelerometers are prevalent in different industries and used on different machines, equipment and plants. High vibration accelerometers are used to monitor high vibration levels, and have a lower output (10 mV/g) and lower mass, in compared with industrial accelerometers. Triaxial accelerometers measure vibration in the X, Y, and Z axes. They have three crystals and they react to vibration in different axis. As a result, the output has three signals, for X, Y, and Z axes (Ref) Accelerometer selection: For getting the best result of using accelerometer in a test, sort of issues must be considered. Based on these issues we can determined the most suitable accelerometer, based on its features, for our test. The first and foremost issue that we must consider is the amplitude of the vibration that we are going to monitor. Frequency range that we are going to study is important to choose an appropriate accelerometer (Ref). Another issues are effective in accelerometer selection, such as the temperature range of the installation area, size of the sample in the test, existence of magnetic field in the test environment, and existence of electrical noise in the test area. Other environmental issues are considerable, for example amount of humidity of test environment, or if accelerometer installation can alert the vibration characteristics in the test or not (Ref). Accelerometer installation: As it was discussed before, accelerometer selection has an important role to get more accurate results. But to achieve this goal, installation of accelerometer is important too. Some points and issues that must be considered during the installation of accelerometer: the surface of installation must be clean and grounded (Ref). The selected location for installation must provide a short and rigid path to the vibration source (Ref). For example, for getting better result in a vibration transmission from road surface test,the closest point to the wheels on the unsprung mass and the chassis near the suspension are recommended. Selected Accelerometer: Selected accelerometer for this test, based on needs and test conditions, is PBC model: 356A32. This model is a Triaxial type, with high sensitivity ( ±10%) 100 mV/g (10.2 mV/(m/s ²)), measurement range of  ±50 g pk ( ±491 m/s ² pk), broadband resolution: 0.0003 g rms (0.003 m/s ² rms), and frequency range of ( ±5%) 1.0 to 4000 Hz (Ref). Figure shows this accelerometer. Selected accelerometer for this test, based on needs and test conditions, is PBC model: 356A24. This model is a Triaxial type, with low sensitivity ( ±10%) 10 mV/g (1.02 mV/(m/s ²)), measurement range of  ±500 g pk ( ±4905 m/s ² pk), broadband resolution: 0.004 g rms (0.04 m/s ² rms), and frequency range of ( ±5%) 1.0 to 9000 Hz (Ref). Figure shows this accelerometer.

Mr Dolphus Raymond tells Scout, Your pa’s not a run of the mill man. :: Free Essay Writer

Mr Dolphus Raymond tells Scout, Your pa’s not a run of the mill man. How far do you agree with this description of Atticus Finch? The novel ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ by Harper Lee is set during the 1930s in the Deep South of America, during a time when there was a large racial segregation. The book is about Tom Robinson, a black man accused of the rape of a white woman, Mayella Ewell. Tom Robinson’s lawyer is Atticus Finch. Atticus is a white, single father of two children, Scout and Jem. The family live in the town of Maycomb County, Alabama. It is a very close knit community and Atticus is family, friends or a neighbour to nearly all the people of Maycomb. He is frowned upon by nearly all the white citizens of Maycomb because he is defending a black man. Atticus believes Tom Robinson is innocent and so defends him, with or without the support of Maycomb’s citizens. Atticus Finch is ‘Maycomb County born and bred’ and is ‘related by blood or marriage to nearly every family in Maycomb’. Atticus has lived in Maycomb all his life and at the start of the book, before the trial, is highly regarded as a good citizen of Maycomb. Atticus is a fair and honest man. Atticus is one of the only men in Maycomb who does not share the prejudices of the other citizens. He is also very well educated unlike many others in the town, whether this is due to lack of money or simply the fact people cannot be bothered to go to school, like the Ewell family. On Scout’s first day of school we find out that every member of the Ewell family ‘come first day every year and then leave’. He treats black and white people the same and he gains a lot of respect from the black community of Maycomb. A few of the white citizens of Maycomb support Atticus during the trial but Mrs. Dubose is not one of them. Mrs. Dubose tells the children ‘Your father's no better than the niggers and trash he works for!’ I feel that Mrs. Dubose deep down likes Atticus but she has been brought up in a world or racism and prejudice and more than likely was taught not to like black people. One person who supports Atticus throughout the book is Miss Maudie. Miss Maudie is a neighbour of the Finch family. Miss Maudie is the only person who never loses faith in Atticus. During a conversation with Scout she tells her ‘there are some men in this world that are

True Love

English 200 Poetry Explication: â€Å"True Love† by Wislawa Szymborska This paper is an essay is an analysis of Wislawa Szymborska’s poem â€Å"True Love. † When I first read the poem, I was struck by its sheer simplicity and passion at what Szymborska feels that it means for two people to be in love. However; upon further contemplation, I see how she uses the lovers to represent change in an otherwise boring and regimented world where all actions must be taken for the betterment and advancement of the state. True Love† is a powerful piece that is told through the persona of an anonymous authoritarian bureaucrat who questions the value of love when compared to the needs of the state. â€Å"True Love† was written at a time when Soviet control was strangling the Eastern Bloc countries, particularly Poland. In this situation, citizens were expected to devote their lives to the advancement of the State – personal needs were secondary. In light of this situation, Szymborska forces the reader to examine the poem on a number of levels including the socio/political level and also at the base level of two people brought together as one. I will discuss how Szymborska, very cleverly, uses the lovers to illustrate how individuals can make effect change from within a system when they are passionate about their beliefs. I will also discuss that love, the most primal of mans’ needs, can be so complex in its simplicity that it can overwhelm and frighten those who misunderstand it. The first stanza of the poem consists of four lines: â€Å"True love. Is it normal, is it serious, is it practical? What does the world get from two people Who exist is a world of their own? † (lines 1-4) Szymborska begins by asking questions about love; however, is she actually asking about love or is she questioning whether it is practical for a society to acknowledge love? As an emotional human being, one would be able to answer these questions in the affirmative that, yes, love is normal and serious and practical. When people are in love, they are happy and probably more productive because of their commitment to the other person. However, when one looks at these first four lines with the jaded eye of, say, an authoritative, repressive bureaucrat then, perhaps, love serves no purpose but to get in the way of serving the state. This person might answer these same questions by saying that, though love might be normal and serious, it is not practical because how can one dedicate his/her life to society if they are more concerned about the person that they love? To this person, the world (state) would get nothing from two people who exist is a world of their own so this should not be allowed to happen. In lines 5 – 13, Szymborska uses the persona of the bureaucrat to begin casting dispersions and snide comments about the audacity that two people would have to dare fall in love. â€Å"Placed on the same pedestal for no good reason, rawn randomly from millions, but convinced it had to happen this way – in reward for what? For nothing. † (lines 5-8) In these lines, the reader begins to understand that he is now hearing the voice of the faceless bureaucrat whose soul interest is the betterment of the state. Or, perhaps, we are hearing the words of someone who has suffered through bad relations hips in the past. I believe it to be the former. Szymborska wrote this poem in 1972 in a Poland that had been under the authoritarian rule of the Soviet Union since 1945. In the six years before the Soviets, Poland was ruled by the occupational forces of the Nazi Third Reich. I am convinced that the persona that we are hearing is the voice of an authoritarian government representative – a cold, uncaring Orwellian figure. This is the section of the poem where the jaded voice of the person rings through loud and clear when he states; â€Å"it had to happen this way – in reward for what? For nothing. † (line 7-8) Of course, the person in love would disagree vehemently with this for their reward is garnered each time they look into the eyes or feel the touch of the one they love – that is part of the reward, the reciprocal love shared between two lovers. They would answer; â€Å"yes, it did happen this way and here is my (our) reward. † The persona continues his lament when he states; â€Å"The light descends from nowhere. Why on these two and not on others? Doesn’t this outrage justice? Yes it does. Doesn’t it disrupt our painstakingly erected principles, and cast the moral from the peak? Yes on both accounts. † (lines 10-13) In these lines, not only does the persona question the value of two people being in love but he also questions the existence of a higher power (God); â€Å"The light descends from nowhere. And why on these two and not others? † (lines 10-11) The persona refuses to believe God or faith could play a role in determining who falls in love or why love happens but, then wonders why these two people have been chosen to be with each other. Seemingly taken aback for a moment, the persona then falls back into his numbing, bureaucratic role when he asks the questions, and then answers his own questions, in the affirmative, about how love how love would disrupt the â€Å"painstakingly erected principles† and would the moral be cast from the peaks. The persona typifies the cold, uncaring demagogues who reveled in the Soviet occupation of Eastern European countries, never questioning those in power and ensuring that all rules were followed. â€Å"Look at the happy couple. Couldn’t they at least try to hide it, fake a little depression for their friends’ sake! Listen to them laughing – it’s an insult. † (lines 14-18) With these lines, the persona is now drawing attention to the lovers, trying to castigate them and make the other citizens, presumably those who experience no love in their lives, hate the lovers as much as he does. The persona’s hate, though, does not stem from a true dislike but from fear – fear that if more people began to feel love then they would not be so beholden to the state and the power of the state would be diminished. The persona states that the lovers’ laughter is an insult, though to whom is the insult directed? It is an insult to the state because, through all of the dreariness that is their life, the lovers have found something that the state cannot control (their love for each other) and they relish that. Their laughing is not an insult; quite the contrary, they are laughing because in their world they are one and that makes their world an idyllic place. The third stanza ends with the line; â€Å"And their little celebrations, rituals, the elaborate mutual routines – it’s obviously a plot behind the human race’s back! † (lines 19 – 21) To any regime, the ultimate fear is that they lose control of the citizenry – the cogs in an unemotional machine. When the persona cannot explain (or accept) how love can occur, the only â€Å"logical† answer is that it must be a plot against the state (the human race. Why else would these disrespectful citizens waste their energy on each other rather than towards the advancement of the state? Stanza four finds the poem’s persona beginning to panic as he wonders what would happen if, God forbid, more citizens begin to follow the lovers’ example and experience love for themselves; â€Å"Itâ €™s hard to even guess how far things might go if people start to follow their example. What could religion and poetry count on? What would be remembered? What renounced? Who’d want to stay within bounds? † (lines 22-26) Historically, oppressive regimes have worked hard to strictly limit what people can read, see, hear or say. This repression of free expression, it was (is) thought, helped to keep the people in line. The government begins to take on the role of a strict parent, ensuring that their naive child remains ignorant of what takes place outside their home (borders. ) However, how can that same government oppress a population that is aware of basic human rights? Therein lays the rhetorical question; how ‘ya gonna keep 'em down on the farm? (after they've seen paree. ) The persona is pondering this very question and fearing the worst possible outcome that a bureaucrat could imagine; â€Å"Who’d want to stay within the bounds? (line 26) The fear of seeing two people in love, walking out of step from the rest of the automaton-like population, has pushed the state (our persona) to a point of hysteria. Rather than accept that love happens, that people are unique as individuals, the persona continues to present reason to reject love; â€Å"True love. Is it really necessary? Tact and common sense tell us to pass over it in silence, like a scandal in Life’s highest circles. It couldn’t populate the planet in a million years, it comes along so rarely. † (lines 27-32) Once again, the persona, having pondered the worst that can happen, deflects from acceptance of love and, instead, questions its relevance in a big-brother type society. â€Å". . . pass over it in silence, like a scandal. . . † (line 28), or â€Å"Perfectly good children are born without its help. † (line 29) direct the â€Å"good† citizens that love is an aberration. If they should ever encounter it (God forbid) they should hold their nose and walk past because it is no better than a scandal that would tear at the very fibre of the society that is looking after their needs. In fact, love is not ever required for the creation of â€Å"perfectly good† children. They state is the ultimate provider who will take care of all your needs from cradle to grave. Yes, to the poem’s persona, everything is for the advancement of the state even if that means the dehumanization of the state’s citizens. The poem ends with three chilling lines; â€Å"Let the people who never find true love keep saying there is no such thing. Their faith will make it easier for them to live and die. † (lines 33-35) According to the persona, ignorance is bliss. By continuing to march along to the state’s cadence, the â€Å"faithful† will have easy lives and nice, quiet, easy deaths. However, it is never â€Å"easy† for a thinking, rational human to simply go through the motions each day; living a meaningless life, existing only for the betterment of a faceless, emotionless entity; just another cog in the great machine. Will it have been worth it? For those who never knew that love existed, or chose to ignore love’s existence, then their lives would have been no different than those of a school of fish; simply going along to get along. For those who have experienced love and passion then their lives would have been lived to the fullest and their deaths mourned and celebrated by those whose lives they had touched with love. The â€Å"true love† mentioned in this poem is represents two principles; the first is the love that is found between two people and how, through that love, they can overcome obstacles in their lives. The power of faith and love can be powerful assets when two people are walking a path together through life. The second principle is that of social accountability that should be the responsibility of every compassionate and free thinking person. The era in which Szymborska wrote this powerful poem is testament to the poem’s social meaning. Soviet oppression was the norm and the â€Å"Big Brother† mentality among both bureaucrats and citizens alike encouraged both conformation to the rules and divulging the identities of those who would not conform. Szymborska’s poem forces the reader to identify which group he/she belonged(s) to and how their lives are affected by that decision. Works Cited Schlib, John and John Clifford, eds. Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. Print. True Love Alex True Love This is something that divides us as humans, with quite a lot of gray area in the middle. You will find people that swear to the truth of this and others that try to finally prove it false. Right now I see myself in the grey area, questioning. Does true love exist? Is it possible for everyone? I am not sure even what this is seeing as I have yet to be in love. I have often asked myself if there was a one true love for me and if someone somewhere was pulling the strings just right so that I would meet them or not. In recent years the divorce rate in America has gone up.Some say this is because women have become more independent and no longer feel the need to stay with a man in order to survive. I think that Americans have lost faith in an Ancient belief, true love. Or maybe the problem is that we are searching for something that doesn’t exist. Can true love scientifically be proven? Is there something in our body that tells us when we are in love? If we could fin d a way to prove that true love exists can we tell when two people are really in love? Do we really want to know? If someone that we love dies can we get married again?Love PoemCan there be more than one person in your life that you have loved, love, or will love? I want to look into why this is different for everyone. I expect to find what makes us believe in something when most of us can say we have never experienced it. How did this belief come about? Is it possible to fall in love no matter the appearance, gender, or race? I know we all have our prejudices but perhaps true love is the bridge over these barriers. Polygamists treat their wives like property but still say they love them. If you truly love someone how should you treat them?I think that scientific research will show that love does exist and that you can fall in love multiple times in a life. Fate is something that can’t really be proven. I also am hoping to find how the idea of a true love came about. I donâ⠂¬â„¢t think that an interview will help much because it varies so much from person to person. What I want to accomplish is to focus on three main points for my paper. First, can true love be scientifically proven? I also want to go into how it has proved the existence of love? (I believe they have)Second, why do we believe in true love in the first place?Third, has America lost sight of the idea of true love or are we focusing on it too much? There is a lot more I could go into but these are my main three. To begin, I first need to establish what true love is. While I am trying to figure out if this proposed phenomenon actually exists, for this section I will assume that it does. This basis will allow for proof or disproof. Getting everyone to agree on one definition is impossible, so I hope to highlight a couple. First, I wanted to find an article on the Christian view of how to find true love.Since most of the population in America is made up of Christians, I felt that it was imp ortant that this view was included. It begins with the famous verse from Corinthians, â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is a view that many people hold dear to their hearts. This article is more of a guide for Christians on how to find true love and tells that in order to find true love that we need to do three things. First, the article says to read the bible and find what to look for in love. Next, honesty is needed with ourselves and the one we love. Finally, to be ready to commit for a lifetime and understand what this commitment means.The view of this article is that love lasts forever and that unless you are looking for the right qualities that you won’t ever find it. While this is only one opinion, it is quite standard. The next definition needed comes from the opposite direction, science. This article from CNN states that researchers from Stony Brook University have proved the existence of lasting love. Their research focused on new lovers and co uples that have been together for around 20 years. They analyzed the chemical reactions when the person was shown a picture of their loved one.Old research had found that the chemical reaction in new lovers fade within 15 months and is gone after 10 years. Somehow, these scientists managed to find a few couples that defied these statistics. !0 percent of the couples that had been together for twice the amount of time that their love was supposed to fade by had reactions the same as a new couple. This definition of true love is based on time and fact but it is just as real as an immeasurable definition. This next source is called â€Å"7 Myths of Happily Ever After† by Blair Justice. This is an article about how Americans view perfect relationships (incorrectly).Instead of looking at a definition, this looks at common misconceptions. The first is about how all people look for that person to live happily ever after with. It states that we all are searching for that unconditiona l love, futilely. We shouldn’t have that unconditional love between us and our partner in order to have that â€Å"perfect relationship. † Then, that when there is true love between two people that they should not have to tell the other what they want. Third we search for someone with the same problems that we have and that will make both of our problems disappear.Maybe he/she will even understand and that will be enough. Fourth, don’t go to bed angry. An unhealthy relationship would be if you never slept away from your partner after an argument. As long as you are not running away and can try and put the heat of the argument behind you. Fifth, we never talk. We actually talk a lot but we need to learn how to communicate better. Sixth, he will change after we are married. We need to get rid of the illusion of changing our partner later. This entire article tells pretty much what Americans view as true love.The question that is brought up by all these wrong belie fs is, if we change how we think about love can we find it? What the focus needs to shift to is recognizing this love. When you fall in love you head in full force. You devote all of your attention to that one person and nothing else. The passion and heat takes over. This is not true love, though. True love is the kind that lasts; this heat we all feel in the beginning of a relationship will always fade. If there were a device to prolong this feeling, it would be coveted by all. How do we act when we are truly in love?In this article from Christian Answers gives a list on how to know when you are in love. The first step to having a true relationship is establishing that what you have is exclusive. By telling your partner that you want to be with them and only them shows that you are ready to commit fully. Next you say that this is the best relationship that you have had. It is like starting a new chapter in your life where you can only go forward. Then, once you are past the lets go anywhere stage and the stage where you stand up for yourself, this article says that you can accept the other person’s interests to partake in them sometimes as well.The article says that you must accept the other person’s beliefs enough to not oppose them. You also have to just be able to enjoy the other person’s company enough that doing nothing together is like a break from the rest of the world, even though you are with him/her. Lastly, it lists that you have to show that you are comfortable being yourself in front of them. Overall I believe that this is a good list of how to recognize true love. There are many people loosing the sight of true love and this can be represented by the amount of divorces in the United States. When two people get married, most say that they will be married forever.Some hold on to the view of happily ever after, while others are more realistic about their life after marriage. One thing that we have to accept is the ending of mar riage. While many people say that 50% of all marriages in America end in goodbye, this is not entirely correct, this article states. The facts do show that if the current trend continues that we may even surpass this number. We loose sight of the hope for true love for many reasons. The main reason in this short article is childlessness. â€Å"The absence of children leads to loneliness and weariness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This last article is called â€Å"True Love?Forget it! † This article argues that true love does not exist. The author, Lynn Truss, says that we often use the non-existence of a perfect partner as an excuse to not find love at all. If someone was â€Å"just looking for the right person† they might pass up on several people that might not be perfect, but are perfect for them. The definition of love is given as what you do with what you’ve got. We often have unrealistic views of love and this is because of two things. First, love is deeply placed in hum an nature and we see love as something we find. Actually, he states, love is something we create, an achievement.So this article is saying that we make up true love to fill a void in our life that everyone has. Love is something we make not something we just bump into. To turn this last topic around I would like to highlight a girl that never gave up on love, even if it hurt. Nancy Rue says in her book, Coping with Dating Violence that abuse happens in many ways. Sometimes the guy doesn’t want to lose the girl and sometimes he has anger issues. What I was interested in was why women tend to stay with these men when they aren’t treating them right. This book states that women often blame themselves for the abuse.What I am interested in is the fact that some stay because, in the beginning, it was perfect and they were so in love. Was this true love that just went wrong or a facade from the beginning? When girls fall in love with this boy they are really falling in love w ith him, she states. When a girl is being abused by the â€Å"mental illness† that the boy has. During this process I learned a lot, but not as much as I wanted to. Next year I will have to write a ton of papers. While this project was interesting, I don’t see it preparing me for the future. I already know how to research, so hat was one of the easiest parts. The main thing that I learned from this project was MLA format. I have worked with many kinds of formats before so it was good to be able to focus on just this one. What I really liked about what I did was the quality of research although I wish that I had the time to get more. I also make summaries daily for other classes which made it easier to do the summaries in here. One thing that I really need to work on is my citations. Most of the times they need a little bit of tweaking, in order to be fully correct, there aren’t too many problems.What I learned in both this area and in MLA format will most certai nly help me in later projects. During this particular project I liked it simply because it was different. It is not like the typical high school paper. One thing it could have benefited from was a little less structure. We were able to pick out our own topic which was nice but turning in our summaries every due date was a little confining. I believe that more freedom would have also been more responsibility, so I understand the structure somewhat. I began this paper with an idea. Actually, I had many ideas but my main one was my favorite.This idea has become a growing question in my own life. Does true love exist? Some people believe they can answer this question with a yes or no. This is not the answer that I want. I want a reason, explanation, but most of all information. I’m not researching that feeling you get when you see that cute guy a couple rows over in class smiling at you. I am looking at actual, forever love. I was hungry for information and began searching from m any different angles. I found scientific evidence and put it right along side the religious. I read stories about terrible abuse and tales of enchanting love.The scientific evidence claimed its existence, if rare. Just by looking at divorce rates in America shows how wrong we can be about love. These are some of my favorite sources. My absolute favorite has to go to the book I read. This story speaks to me in a way that none of the articles could. One of the stories from this book tells of a girl that fought so hard for love, she almost died. The desperation that she feels is what makes this the best in my eyes. After all of this time I think I can finally say that I have an answer that makes sense to me.True love is out there for everyone somewhere. It is just up to you to find it and hold on tight. There will never be a world where everyone will find this connection but the first step is knowing what to look for. At the very least, you should know what to stay away from. This conc lusion has helped me with my own life, even if it never helps another person. I wish that I could not change my question but instead write a follow up piece. If I could it would be on the history of love, how it has evolved. That topic intrigues me but the one I wrote this paper on was just right for me. True Love Every moment we spent togetherHas touched our lives, our souls foreverThe things that we shared and learnedIs permanent growth that we've earned. The person that I have grown into todayDid not get there by chance, no wayI am who I am partly because of youAnd you are YOU because of me, tooThe changes I seeand what I have learned about meare a response to how we affected our livesand what we discover in each others eyes. It is uncertain if we have to part or one day live together Either way, we have touched our lives forever! No matter what the future will showNo matter what we are told.We are connected on such a deep levelsThat no one can remove that, not even the devil. Our feelings might be different a year from nowBut you are part of me forever somehowA part of me will always be you and a part of you will always be me. no matter what happens ,that much is certain our souls are one until life closes the curtain. I will love your foreverFor worse or for betterYou are tattooed in my h eart And nothing can tear our souls apart. Source: Forever Connected, True Love Poem http://www. familyfriendpoems. com/poem/forever-connected#ixzz2RErIYwFpwww. FamilyFriendPoems. om Every moment we spent togetherHas touched our lives, our souls foreverThe things that we shared and learnedIs permanent growth that we've earned. The person that I have grown into todayDid not get there by chance, no wayI am who I am partly because of youAnd you are YOU because of me, tooThe changes I seeand what I have learned about meare a response to how we affected our livesand what we discover in each others eyes. It is uncertain if we have to part or one day live together Either way, we have touched our lives forever! No matter what the future will showNo matter what we are told.We are connected on such a deep levelsThat no one can remove that, not even the devil. Our feelings might be different a year from nowBut you are part of me forever somehowA part of me will always be you and a part of you will always be me. no matter what happens ,that much is certain our souls are one until life closes the curtain. I will love your foreverFor worse or for betterYou are tattooed in my heart And nothing can tear our souls apart. Source: Forever Connected, True Love Poem http://www. familyfriendpoems. com/poem/forever-connected#ixzz2RErIYwFpwww. FamilyFriendPoems. om Every moment we spent togetherHas touched our lives, our souls foreverThe things that we shared and learnedIs permanent growth that we've earned. The person that I have grown into todayDid not get there by chance, no wayI am who I am partly because of youAnd you are YOU because of me, tooThe changes I seeand what I have learned about meare a response to how we affected our livesand what we discover in each others eyes. It is uncertain if we have to part or one day live together Either way, we have touched our lives forever! No matter what the future will showNo matter what we are told.We are connected on such a deep levels That no one can remove that, not even the devil. Our feelings might be different a year from nowBut you are part of me forever somehowA part of me will always be you and a part of you will always be me. no matter what happens ,that much is certain our souls are one until life closes the curtain. I will love your foreverFor worse or for betterYou are tattooed in my heart And nothing can tear our souls apart. Source: Forever Connected, True Love Poem http://www. familyfriendpoems. com/poem/forever-connected#ixzz2RErIYwFpwww. FamilyFriendPoems. com True loveMy first true love was Zachery Kyle Sutterfield I remember the day we met When I first met you, I felt like I had known you forever Both shy, but wanted to talk. Every moment we have spent together Has touched our lives and souls forever The things that we share and learn Is permanent growth that we earn. The person that I have grown into today Did not get there by chance, no way I am who I am partly because of you You are YOU becau se of me, too. The changes I see What I have learned about me A response to how we have affected out lives What we discover in each other eyes. We are connected on a such a deep level

Conceptual Skills The WritePass Journal

Conceptual Skills Conceptualizing Organizational Change Conceptual Skills ) aimed at exploring the impact of economic and political environment changes on organisational performance. Respondents from three companies operating in this industry filled questionnaires, as the results indicated that change failed as a manageable process. It has been suggested that managers should demonstrate greater concerns regarding organisational change and performance in terms of employing regular scanning of programmes introduced in organisations. It has been concluded that the influence of the external business environment, which involves persistent change, on organisational performance in the food and beverage industry in Nigeria was inadequate (Olarewaju and Folarin 2012). Understanding change as a manageable process was not effective across this industry because some food and beverage companies did not succeed in maintaining their performance measurement system properly. Forces shaping competition in the industry were irrelevant, pointing out that change initiatives were inadequate in this business context. Conclusion This paper presented arguments that change can be a planned and manageable process in contemporary organisations. The focus was on discussing the implications of change in the context of Nigerian companies, respectively Access Bank Plc and Unilever Nigeria Plc. It has been concluded that Access Bank Plc demonstrates a change structured process that is planned, whereas Unilever Nigeria Plc illustrates a manageable change process (Caldwell 2006). In addition, details of the failure of change as a planned and manageable process were included with regards to Nigerian public education and the food and beverage industry. The paper also illustrated the argument that change is linked with innovative organisational culture, which indicates a strong focus on the expected innovative performance of companies (Burnes 2004). The implications of conceptualising change as a planned and manageable process may help individuals and practitioners in the field recognise important characteristics and stag es of organisational change. References Abdulraheem, I., Mordi, C., Ojo, Y. and Ajonbadi, H. (2013) ‘Outcomes of Planned Organisational Change in the Nigerian Public Sector: Insights from the Nigerian Higher Education Institutions’, Economic Insights-Trends and Challenges, Vol. 2(1) pp26-37 Anthonia, A., Adewale, O. and Joachim, A. (2013) ‘Organisational Change and Human Resource Management Interventions: An Investigation of the Nigerian Banking Industry’, Serbian Journal of Management, Vol. 8(2) pp139-153 Burnes, B. (2004) Managing Change, London, Prentice Hall Burnes, B. (2005) ‘Complexity Theories and Organizational Change’, International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 7(2) pp73-90 Caldwell, R. (2006) Agency and Change, London, Routledge Carnell, C. (2007) Managing Change in Organisations, London, Prentice Hall Grieves, J. (2010) Organisational Change: Themes and Issues, Oxford, Oxford University Press Hayes, J. (2010) The Theory and Practice of Change Management, London, Palgrave Hughes, M. (2010) Managing Change: A Critical Perspective, London, CIPD Hughes, M. (2011) ‘Do 70 Per cent of All Organizational Change Initiatives Really Fail?’, Journal of Change Management, Vol. 11(4) pp451-464 Jarrett, M. (2003) The Seven Myths of Change Management, Business Strategy Review, Vol. 14(4) pp22-29 Olarewaju, A. A. and Folarin, E. A. (2012) ‘Impacts of External Business Environment on Organisational Performance in the Food and Beverage Industry in Nigeria’, British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, Vol. 6(2) pp194-201 Olufemi, A. J. (2009) ‘Managing Organisational Change in Nigeria Manufacturing Enterprises: Lessons from the Unilever Nigeria Plc’, International Business Management, Vol. 3(2) pp15-21 Paton, R. A. and McCalman, J. (2008) Change Management: A Guide to Effective Implementation, London, Sage Van Nistelrooij, A. and Sminia, H. (2010) Organization Development: Whats Actually Happening?,  Journal of Change Management, Vol. 10(4) pp 407-420

To Kill A Mockingbird by Nell Harper Lee.

To Kill A Mockingbird by Nell Harper Lee. In the classic book To Kill A Mockingbird, the reader is introduced to a, collage of varying characters. By telling the story through the eyes of the innocent Scout Finch, Nell Harper Lee, is able to portray a true sincere person in all of her characters. In a town where everyone's lives are touched and in some way changed by the trial of Tom Robinson, it is interesting to delineate between good characters, bad characters, those with opened or shut minds, those who have feelings, emotions, and consciences, as well as those who have the ability to be changed and affected by such events. Perhaps no other character seems to be as fascinating, and can offer the reader a deeper description of his true feelings and beliefs as Scouts older brother Jem. Through the events that take place in this novel, and the reactions he takes towards them, it is clear that Jem is a model of maturity, morality, and a character who is easily affected and thus able to be changed.Film producer Alan J. Pakula with Lee; Lee spent t...Perhaps the biggest event which portrays Jem to be very mature is when Dill returns to Maycomb from his mothers house. Dill who has escaped the unpleasantness of spending the summer with his ungrateful Mother and Stepfather, so that he can spend time with Scout, is discovered when Scout felt him in the dark. When Jem became aware of this, he knew what he had to do: "Dill's eyes flickered at Jem, and Jem looked at the floor. Then he rose and broke the remaining code of our childhood. He went out of the room and down the hall. Atticus, His voice was distant, 'Can you come here a minute, sir?' " (141) This event is very important in realizing what kind of person Jem is. Scout...

Comparisons of two Information Security Management Frameworks Essay

Comparisons of two Information Security Management Frameworks - Essay Example Security responsibilities in an organization are all-embracing that is why it is important to associate the employees in formulating the program. SQL information system management used in health care The health care information technology system in several instances is predisposed to various risks and threats among other vulnerabilities. The situation gets worse when such vices are channeled towards the information system targeting patients with life threatening conditions. Some of the risks, threats, and vulnerabilities include and are not limited to accessing public internet without authority, hacking resulting to penetration of IT infrastructure, and fire torching primary data (Rodrigues 56). In most instances, health-care centers have put in place web-based patient and physician portals to enable visibility in the organizations financial and clinical data. The physician portal is normally used for various purposes including viewing radiology and laboratory results, obtaining elec tronic medical records and completing charts. Similarly, the patient portal enables accessing patient’s information including test results, billing information, prescribed medication, scheduled appointments, and medical conditions. However, if secure coding of the web application is not implemented, vulnerabilities such as SQL injections and cross-site scripting are likely to occur. This occurs based on actions of exploitation from unauthorized users who may compromise sensitive information confidentiality via the internet (Gentile 69). Notable tools employed in the identification of healthcare related online risks include the Web inspect scanner by Hewlett, Web vulnerability scanner by Acunetix and the watchfire Appscan by IBM. Application of the above systems would then go ahead in selective selections of authentic databases, passwords, and user identities as far as the internet security is concerned. In order to tackle various threats and risks, sections of clinical system s have adopted wireless networks, which they use to present and obtain information at the point of care. For example, this has been applied at bedsides (Gentile 41). The wireless network policy enables the use of wireless network infrastructure to handle patient’s information systems. This kind of system with proper coding plays a significant role in ensuring that there is integrity, confidentiality, and reliable availability of patient’s information. If proper securing of information is not enhanced under such circumstances, it would greatly affect the organizations internal systems. The wireless network system ensures that proper regulations and procedures are put in place to handle the patient’s information systems. These include performance logs and network security. Training of steps in this field would then enable justified users such as permitted staff to understand encryptions and authentication of wireless mechanisms that are in use. To identify where u nauthorized access points and rogue users are located, system administrators should use wireless scanning tools. On the same note, hospitals offering free access to wireless network for the public must always ensure that the person accessing information is

Migrant women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Migrant women - Essay Example It is the movement of people from one place to another, either as an individual or in masses. People may either move over long or short distances to stay over long or short periods of time. This is because people tend to move to the industrialized areas that present employment opportunities as well as market created by a large number of people who seek employment in the established industries. Financial globalization has also encouraged globalization of labor leading to high levels of migration, especially from the less developed economies to the developed economies. Initially, men were predominant amongst the migrants. However, with recent empowerment of women in acquiring skills, their competitiveness in the labor market has improved. The need to satisfy financial needs has seen women actively participating in the labor market. With high dependence on agriculture in the less developed countries, population increase has led to reduced agricultural land and people have to look for al ternative ways of earning a livelihood. Migration of women is mainly triggered by the desire to feed their families. With modern transportation, migration has been made easy. People can move conveniently all over the world so long as they can afford to meet the cost. Most of the migrants from the less developed economies move to developed ones to offer cheap and unskilled labor. Women from Asia and Africa have been migrating to the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada to seek employment.

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

See below - Essay Example The action, therefore, would help boost the Irish economy. Swift, however, adopts a satirical approach when addressing the concern of poor families in Ireland. There is evident sarcasm and utter irony at the end of Swift’s proposal (Foshay, 1961). First, it appears absurd that Swift proposes killing of Irish children in an attempt to boost the economy. Despite proposing the main idea of making delicious meals out of Irish children, Swift turns to the good objection. Towards the end of the essay, Swift argues that there are other strategies to reduce population. Reducing the population forms the foremost goal that the Irish government intends to attain. That Swift proposes better ideas than selling and killing children from poor Irish families to solve the problem of overpopulation is a great surprise. Towards the end, the reader is engaged in formulating diverse solutions that can be applicable to address overpopulation, unemployment, and poverty in Ireland. He proposes real solutions to the challenges such as advancing trade to boost the economy (Swift, 2004). Justifiably, Swift challenges the reader to think of viable solutions to societal challenges. Swift, J. (2001). A Modest Proposal: For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents Or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public. Virginia Tech. Retrieved January 2, 2015 from

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay We know this because Candy says ‘boss gives him hell when he’s angry’ about Crooks. Also, Curley’s wife is called ‘tart’ and ‘jail bait’ purely for being a woman. An air of bitterness hangs throughout the book, majorly from these two minor characters; both brought on by loneliness and lack of communication skills. The difference in these characters is that Curley’s wife is open about her loneliness, out looking for company, however Crooks isn’t so fond of letting people know he is lonely, he’d rather just let it go; this is until he finds that Lennie is actually good company, and it is better to have someone there to talk to. Another form of their bitterness is shown through their own mean comments, for example Curley’s wife is racist to Crooks, making the remark that shows her true feelings towards him and his race. Also, Crooks isn’t so kind to Lennie at the start of part 4, tormenting him about George, telling him he would get locked up if George never came back. Although in some ways Curley’s wife is higher up in society that Crooks, Crooks still has a job which women weren’t allowed, not on a ranch anyway. Though black, Crooks was still allowed to work and get paid, without having to marry just to have income. Curley’s wife is made to seem more of a threat by George: he tells Lennie to stay away from her and calls her vicious, sexist names, ‘tart’ and ‘jailbait’ and ‘trouble’. However he never makes comments about Crooks, or about how Lennie shouldn’t go near him, suggesting that he wouldn’t do as much harm to Lennie, or possibly that he is less important than Curley’s wife. Despite being seen as trouble, Curley’s wife could get Crooks in trouble even if he didn’t do anything, Crooks could not do this to her as she was seen as more important in the eyes of the law. Even not taking the law into consideration, the ranch hands probably viewed Crooks as more important, but being married to Curley, would probably have to treat Curley’s wife with more respect if she made accusations against Crooks. Throughout the book there is a parallel of dreams. This ties in with the American Dream, a dream that nearly everyone in America had, and was wildly advertised as ‘the American Way. ’ These two minor characters both had dreams, just like everyone else. However, unfortunately, they’ve both had their chance, Curley’s wife was offered a shot in Hollywood, and thinks that was it for her as she never got the reply she was hoping for. Crooks believes that he has already lived the dream throughout his childhood, so, just like Curley’s wife, he has no shot at a new dream. Themes play a large part in the structure of this novella, weaving in and out of the storyline the whole way through. Main themes like dreams and loneliness are featured the most; however nature, death and friendship also show. Social hierarchy played a large part in society in the 1930’s, as it still does, however not as prominently as back then. Anyone that wasn’t white was instantly looked down on and given fewer rights. Women were seen as sexual objects. With friendship playing a large part in the novella, loneliness also played a part. In particular, Crooks and Curley’s wife were lonely, Crooks is unable to show this at first whereas Curley’s wife is fully able as she is always looking for company. ‘The American Dream’, the major dream all across America to defeat the Great Depression, and to find a place of your own, earning a sufficient amount of money. It starts off just introducing to us the dream of George and Lennie: their dream, like everyone else’s, to get a place of their own and to ‘live of the fatta the lan’ ‘. This later progressed to having Candy involved. After the shooting of his beloved dog he realised that once he gets too old to work he will too be gotten rid of, not as brutally, but still ‘canned’. This also showed a theme of death, and lack of sentimentality. After Candy, Crooks finds an opening for him to join the dream, however soon backs down as he realises this isn’t the best idea. We also realise the dream of Curley’s wife: to be off somewhere in Hollywood, the opposite of where she is now, with someone she doesn’t even like never mind love. She is also lonely; it probably being her dream to have someone to talk to which she never has on a lonely ranch. ‘Soledad’, ‘solitaire’, ‘Weed’ all show ‘sol’- lonely, or ‘Weed’ being the place that George and Lennie lived, and a weed is a plant that no one wants. Bad language curses the novella, giving a real sense of the harsh reality of the 1930’s. ‘Nigger,’ ‘Son-of-a-bitch,’ ‘bastard’ are all words used throughout the book to describe characters in vulgar, often racist ways. Also ‘tart’, ‘jailbait,’ and ‘trouble’ are used to describe Curley’s wife, in the innocence of her life she must put up with these judgemental names that she doesn’t deserve just for having a less preferred gender. All of these curse words show the reality of the language used in ranch life, releasing any anger one had as a result of the hard times they were going through. Many of the men would rub off on each other, so language would only get worse. Crude language and swearing would circle the ranch until everyone was using it and it became a normal vocabulary for these poorly educated men. As well as using curse words, the way Steinbeck actually wrote the book helped to give a sense of the times. ‘†¦he had thin, pain –tightened lips, which were lighter than his face. ’ ‘Pain-tightened’ can only be describing the difficulty in Crooks’ life, he is so lonely and bitter that he has forgotten all communication, which must be such a difficult thing for a social being, however he stays quiet as he has no other option. As we know, racism was a large part of society. This was not only shown through the racist remarks that are made to Crooks throughout the book, but also how Crooks isn’t fully introduced until part four of the novella. This shows his lack of importance and meaning in the story, and that he is just a side character, merely helping to keep the ranch together, and that is it. Not anyone’s friend. Not any reason other than ‘the stable buck’s a nigger’ for him to be mentioned. When this minor character is introduced, he is introduced in such a way that we can straight away grasp his true personality and really understand who he is. His belongings show his inner personality, and his lack of hope to move on with his life, and that even though he is hardly mentioned as an important character, he is probably the most likely person on that ranch to never leave. Moving on from Crooks, Curley’s wife is also described in a way that says a lot about her visual appearance, showing that she probably cares more about what she looks like on the outside than what she is like on the inside. ‘She has full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made sup. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. ’ No match for ranch life, Curley’s wife enters the book also majorly in part four, displaying her unimportance. She makes a storm as she gives the unforgivable comment to Crooks, showing that she is not only heavily made up on the outside, but also heavily made up on the inside, in that she thinks she is better than him, and almost big headed. To conclude, I feel that the novella truly did show the hardship of the 1930’s, and what these men went through. The social + historical context, character description, language, themes and structure all piece together to make an unforgettably moving novella. I feel that the parallels through the book e. g. the book starting with life on the Salinas river, then ending with death in the same place, the parallels through George killing Lennie as he is a true friend who truly cares about him and wants the best for him. I feel that Crooks and Curley’s wife did say unforgivingly nasty things to others, however, given the times, probably didn’t mean a word of it, and were both trying to prove their status, showing that where you are in social hierarchy was very important to them as it was probably all they had left. I do sympathise for them as they are, like everyone else, in need of company. Overall, taking the title into account, no matter how big or small you are, fate is always against you.

Cadbury Is A Brand With A Long History Marketing Essay

Cadbury Is A Brand With A Long History Marketing Essay Cadbury is a brand with a long history in New Zealand and a passionate commitment to making everyone feel happy. Cadbury  is a  confectionery  company owned by  Kraft Foods. Its main  headquarter is in London, United Kingdom, and the company operates in more than 50 countries worldwide. John Cadbury shaped the business in 1824 on the name of Cadbury. The business started as a shop in a fashionable place in Birmingham. It sold things such as tea and coffee, mustard and a new sideline cocoa and drinking chocolate, which John Cadbury prepared him using a mortar and pestle.   In 1847 a large factory was rented in Bridge  Street Birmingham. In the mean time John Cadbury was joined by his  brother Benjamin and the name of the business became Cadbury Brothers  of Birmingham.  (Wikipedia, 2010) In 1866 when the brothers  introduced the process of pressing the cocoa butter out of the cocoa  beans. The benefits for the Cadbury brothers was that they could use  the butter to make different types of eating chocolate the first of which was the Cadburys dairy milk.   A description of Cadburys and their aims and objectives Cadbury is an international company that makes market and sells unique brands chocolate. Cadbury have done this successfully for over 200 years. The reason they are so successful is because they have a clear understanding of the needs of their consumers, customers and other stakeholders.   Dunedin is a major centre for Cadbury Schweppes in the region, with the site playing host to Cadbury World and being a major production and distribution centre. (Coursework, 2003) Product and services   Dunedin is a major centre for Cadbury Schweppes in New Zealand and major production of Cadbury chocolates are done here. It is also called a major distribution centre of Chocolate. Some of the major products brands produced by Cadbury includes : Bars  Dairy Milk,  Crunchie,  Caramel,  Wispa,  Boost,  Picnic,  Flake,  Curly Wurly,  Chomp, and  Fudge; chocolate  Buttons; the boxed chocolate brand  Milk Tray and the twist-wrapped chocolates  Heroes. As well as Cadburys chocolate, the company also owns  Maynards  and Halls, and is associated with several types of confectionery including former Trebor and Bassetts brands or products such as Liquorices Allsorts,  Jelly Babies,  Flumps,  Mints,  Dolly Mix,  Black Jack  chews,  Trident gum, and Soft mints.( Indiamart, 2012) Market of interests Cadbury Confectionery Ltd is the most dominant player in chocolate confectionery in New Zealand. The company rebounded from negative media attention in 2009 to reclaim a lost percentage point in value share during 2010, to account for 52%, making it by far the largest player in chocolate confectionery. (Euro monitor, 2011) Chocolate is now one of the best sweet for everyone`s. It includes cocoa in it because of which it seems dark and sweet. The first is the growing share that high-cocoa dark chocolate makes up of the estimated $350 million to $400m of chocolate each year. (Wikipedia, 2012)It changes the tastes of chocolates to darker, richer chocolate the 72% cocoa content Dark Ghana slabs are now Whittakers biggest seller, while 70% cocoa Old Gold is Cadburys fastest-growing line mirrors our increasingly sophisticated taste for everything from coffee and tea, to olive oil and wine. (Whitakers, 2012) Scarborough Fair, which is owned by a consortium of small, private investors in New Zealand and sources its cocoa from Peru, is aiming to foot it in the same large-format bar that has been so successful for Cadbury and Whittaker. Though its bars are slightly lighter (180g compared to 250g), they take up the same footprint on the shelf and the price per gram is only 2.3c, compared to the 1.9c for the dominant players in the supermarket slab market, in which Cadbury has a roughly 70% share, followed by Whittakers which claims roughly a 20% share. (Wikinvest, 2012) Cadbury plc (NYSE:CBY) is  confectionery  company that makes 7.3% of the worlds  chocolate  (by dollar volume), 27% of the worlds gum, and 7.4% of its candy. Australia and New Zealand are CBYs largest markets in the region.  CBY leads the Australian confectionery market with a number one share in chocolate at 53%.  (Wikinvest, 2012)Cadburys main chocolate brand in Australia is Cadbury Dairy Milk and in New Zealand, brands include Cadbury Dairy Milk and Moro. CBY has a number one position in New Zealands confectionery market with a 47% share. Image:CBY_Revenue_and_Net_Profit.jpg (Source: Wikinvest, 2010) Participates in the Global Competitive Marketplace global-confectionery-market-share.ashx.jpeg Trends Cadbury plc, the producer of the Dairy Milk brand has reported a 6 per cent increase in profits last year. The increase in the sales was due to the increase in the marketing investment in the Dairy Milk products. The marketing budget was increased from $87m last year to $120m, which is up 10.8% in respect to sales. Marketing indeed has helped the confectionary company gross a good deal of profit in this global economic storm. (Cadbury, 2012) Cadburys most known brands, Dairy Milk, Halls and Trident helped boost growth by 11 percent. Dairy Milk with its finger licking chocolates obviously was a good performer in the Cadbury headquarters, London. Cadbury chocolates especially Dairy milk makes use of less cocoa in its production thats why its taste is not bitter and colour is not so as dark like other chocolates. So mostly the kids and the adults too opt for this chocolate as their sweet dish only because of its quality and taste. Cadbury is indeed a good example of how marketing strategies can help turn an unfavorable situation in to a favorable one. (Cadbury, 2012) Other Issue Adverse weather conditions have brought about global shortages for raw materials such as sugar and dairy products. Furthermore, political tensions in the Ivory Coast (where most of the worlds cocoa comes from) have pushed up the prices for cocoa. Consequently global commodity prices have surged which had a negative impact on chocolate confectionery manufacturers. Unlike other manufacturers, chocolate confectionery manufacturers have found it difficult to pass on price increases to consumers, given the predominant supermarket strategy to employ promotional pricing. (Euromonitor, 2011).Consequently, individual manufacturers are faced with the decision to either internalize cost increases to secure consumer demand and continue selling products on promotion or pass such costs onto consumers with the potential consequence of losing consumer demand to competitors. The strategy employed by manufacturers depended largely on whether they produced premium chocolate products or not. Premium cho colate product manufacturers found it easier to pass on cost increases, due to the higher price points of their products. Conversely, other manufacturers preferred to internalize their cost increases as much as possible. (Euromonitor, 2011) External Environment impacts Technology The special taste and texture of Cadbury chocolate is based on long traditions of expertise in chocolate recipe and processing methods unique to Cadbury. In this competitive era and due to advancement in science, technologies are improving and getting more reliable for the people and new technology enables the process to be highly tuned to consumers evolving tastes and preferences. Chocolate production is a highly sophisticated, computer controlled process, with much of the new specialist technology and machinery being produced to Cadburys own design and specification. The Dunedin facility employs over 700 personnel and produces in excess of 5,000t of chocolate crumb every year as well as finished products. (Cadbury, 2012). The factory is the largest chocolate manufacturing plant in New Zealand. It supplies finished products for the domestic markets in New Zealand and Australia and, in addition, exports chocolate crumb to Cadbury finishing plants in Australia, Pakistan and China. Dunedin in New Zealand was chosen by Cadbury because of its excellent infrastructure and a plentiful supply of rich milk for chocolate production. Chocolate crumb is a commodity that is in demand globally as the consumption of chocolate per capita worldwide increases to record levels. (Tourism.net, 2012) Political Cadbury food labeling laws are very precise about what can and cannot be called chocolate. Chocolate is any product made from cocoa nibs, cocoa mass, cocoa, fat-reduced cocoa or any combination of two or more of these ingredients, with or without extracted cocoa butter and sucrose. Dark Chocolate must not contain less than 35% total dry cocoa solids, of which at least 14% must be dry non-fat cocoa solids. Milk chocolate must either be 20:20, with a minimum of 20% dry cocoa solids (of which 2.5% non-fat cocoa solids) and a minimum of 20% milk solids (minimum 5% milk fat). Dairy Milk is this type of milk chocolate. (Skillsspace, 2012) 14:25, with a minimum of 25% dry cocoa solids (of which 2.5% non-fat cocoa solids) and a minimum of 14% milk solids (minimum 3.5% milk fat). This type of milk chocolate can be called European or coating chocolate. (Skillsspace, 2012) The Food Standards Agency is responsible for checking that the law is upheld on the safety of materials that come into contact with food (e.g. food processing machinery and packaging) and food labeling. Labels must contain certain information, e.g. the product`s name, the companys name, a list of ingredients, special storage instructions). Companies have to make sure they know what the law is and that they conform to it. Two important laws are: Food Safety Act, 1990 Sale and Supply of Goods Act, 1994 Covers four main areas: Goods must: 1. Labeling 1. Be of a satisfactory quality 2. Additives 2. Fit the description given 3. Composition (or content) 3. Be fit for their purpose as made known to the seller 4. Public health and hygiene. (Source: Skillsspace, 2012) Economics Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate is the leader chocolate in overall New Zealand. It will now include Fair trade Certified products in its range. Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate products becoming Fair trade Certified will increase Fair trade chocolate sales 20 fold, and double last years total sales of Fair trade Certified products in New Zealand and Australia. The scale of Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate going Fair trade is massive with more than 5.7 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks in New Zealand and estimated 350 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks globally in 2010. (Cadbury, 2012). The move is the result of nearly two years of work with Cadburys Fair trade partners globally. It follows more than 100 years of pioneering ethical chocolate production, including the ground-breaking Cadbury Cocoa Partnership where Cadbury is providing NZ$120 million over 10 years to improve the lives of cocoa farmers. (ChocolateCarnival, 2009) Cadbury has invested NZ$69 million to turn Dunedin into a specialist factory and secure manufacturing and jobs in New Zealand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In the wake of rising operating and ingredient costs, Cadbury is reducing manufacturing costs so its products remain affordable at the checkout. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Dunedin upgrade into a world class specialist manufacturing facility is almost complete and it will make iconic products such as Cadbury Jaffas, Pascall Pineapple Lumps, Cadbury Chocolate Fish, Cadbury Pinky, and boxed chocolates for Australia and New Zealand as well as chocolate crumb, the base ingredient in Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate.(Cadburyworld, 2012) Cadbury Confectionery today confirmed that the restructuring of its New Zealand and Australian manufacturing operations into specialized Centers of Manufacturing Excellence is in its final stage. The project, originally announced back in September 2007 (with a further communication in August 2008) has already seen investment of $NZ69 million to improve the productivity, and secure the long-term future, of its New Zealand manufacturing operations. (Cadbury, 2012) Social culture The culture of Cadburys started out being paternalistic as the company was devoted to making its employees feel welcome and valued within the company. Cadburys relied on its staff very heavily as without a vast employee base the company would not be the big corporation it is today. Cadburys built their famous Bourneville site along with accommodation for gaining the attractions of an employee so the workforce would be close to their place of business. Along with this the factory was built in the middle of a garden so when employees had finished work or were on a break they had somewhere to relax as well as socialize with other colleges on a Sunday as the factory was closed. Today Cadburys have become a company who has a culture, which is interested in keeping its stakeholders happy. Along with this and the advancement in technology Cadburys have now lost its broad employee range and replaced it with machines and now only employ enough staff to keep the machines going. By being stakeholder driven the company has now become controlled by shareholders who are mainly interested in the company making a profit. (123helpme, 2011) Demography Demography is the main thing if someone is selling the products. Cadbury, from his very beginning, has a same focus on his demography factors. Cadbury focuses on all the people whether its a child, youngsters, teenagers or oldies. The story starts with Once upon a time in 1948à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ when Cadbury entered the Indian market. It originated from a town in the United Kingdom, Bourneville in 1905. (Cadbury, 2012) As the Cadburys official web site suggests, its journey in India has been an eventful one. In the early 1990s, it tried to cater to the sweet tooth of the children. Those days they steered the market and took control over the companys major market share. However, the strategy changed by letting out the secret that Everyone has a child inside and thus everyone craves for the taste of chocolate. Cadbury strategies went through a considerable change. It now catered from children to adults. There is some differentiation targeting as a variety of Cadbury products are available to cater for the individual needs of different groups of customers. But nowadays the people are suffering with diabetes. So the diabetic segment people started use of less chocolate or sugar free thing. Diabetes: Diabetes occurs when there is too much glucose (sugar) in the blood. Over time, this can cause damage to many parts of the body. Diabetes is common about 170,000 people in New Zealand have diabetes and rising rapidly as more of us are getting fatter. Based on the most likely future scenario, the diabetes epidemic is forecast to grow rapidly over the 15 years from 1996 to 2011. (Healthnavigator, 2012) Forecast increase in number of (diagnosed) diabetics, 1996 to 2011 (Source: Healthnavigator, 2012) Economy In December 2006 Cadbury Schweppes, the well-known confectionery manufacturer, announced the expansion of its operation in New Zealand on the South Island in the city of Dunedin. The expansion project required a total investment of NZ$69m (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬39m). (Cadburyworld, 2012). In August 2008, an additional investment was announced taking the total amount of investment in the project to NZ$69m. Part of the investment was contributed through the Investment New Zealand Strategic Investment Fund. This amount was around NZ$2m and was granted ostensibly for Cadbury to establish an international chocolate crumb research and product development centre at the Dunedin site. (Tourism, 2012) Cadbury contributed a further NZ$17.5m for new buildings, plant and environmental work. The company provided a further NZ$500,000 for the RD centre. (Foodprocessing, 2012). Contractors working for Cadbury Schweppes included Production Logistics NZ for control system integration and software development for the manufacturing control systems. Streak Automation has also worked on the Pack100 Wrapper Automation upgrade that involved the redesign and upgrade of the PLC and servo controls and mechanics for the high-speed wrapping machine, which wraps all of the small-size chocolate at the site. Finally, the manufacturing areas (surfaces, pipes, machinery and ceilings) at Dunedin use a special paint with low volatiles (low odor) to avoid tainting the products. (Foodprocessing-technology, 2011) Competitors: Whittaker In 1890, James Henry Whittaker came to NZ and brought his chocolate knowledge from working for a confectioner in England at 14. Since 1896 he has been making Australasias premium chocolate. Today it is still owned and run by the Whittaker family. All the products are made in the factory in Porirua, Wellington and they source the best ingredients from all around the world. The Whittakers range now includes 65 delicious different treats. (Whittaker, 2012). It is exported to countries such as Singapore, Australia, Vietnam and India. The milk chocolate contains 33% cocoa, compared to their competitor, Cadbury, whose milk chocolate only contains 21% cocoa. The dark chocolate contains 50% to 72% cocoa. The cocoa comes from Ghana and Madagscar so it is some of the best quality chocolate in the world. It is all Halah accredited by FIANZ (excluding Rum and Raisin) and all gluten free (except Kiwifruit Block and Toffee Milks). Milk also isnt an ingredient in the dark chocolate which is great f or the lactose intolerant and for vegans. (Whittaker, 2012) Four P`s Product Packaging Branding Blocks, Slab, Chunks, Sante, Toffee Milk, Bars, Square Dark Ghana Pips Place- Service Stations Super Market Stores Dairys and convenience stores Price- Low price with best quality Promotion- Internet Posters TV advertisements Nestle Henri Nestlà © gave his name to what is now the worlds largest food and beverage business, with over 280,000 employees, 456 factories in 84 countries and sales of more than $140 billion in 2008. In our region, Nestlà © products have been available since the 1880s and in 1885; around 125 years ago, the company was first registered in New Zealand. (Nestle, 2012) Four P`s Product- Bars Blocks Place- Service Stations Super Market Stores Dairys and convenience stores Price- Nestle again decides it price on the basis of competition. The best think about the company nestle is that it is very flexible and it can come down with the price very quickly. Promotion- Advertisements Personal Selling Sales Promotion Publicity and Public Relations Marketing Mixes and Profitability: 1. Whittaker: Whittakers markets a range of 250g Blocks, Slabs, Santà © Bars and Chunks in supermarkets. In the molded Block Chocolate market, Whittakers has made a quantum jump in sales and retail sales for the brand at the end of May 2009 were $17 million with growth of 62.7% pushing sales at the end of May 2010 to $27.6m. This is a market that only grew 12.2% (Aztec Molded Block Market MAT). (Whittaker, 2012) In addition, the company launched two new 250g Block varieties: Dark Peppermint and Milk Madagascar. The Dark Peppermint matches the 72% Dark Ghana with a fresh peppermint fondant, while Milk Madagascar is the first major chocolate block launched in New Zealand using beans from Madagascar. The beans give the chocolate a citrus note with hints of caramel and honey. Both varieties report success and a good reception from consumers. (Stuff, 2012) Whittakers Peanut Slabs, Santà © Bars and Chunks have also shown strong growth in the Enrobed Chocolate market, with sales growing 20.6% over the past 12 months (Aztec Enrobed Market MAT) in a market which grew by 8%. (Whitakers, 2012) 2. Nestle: Henri Nestlà © gave his name to what is now the worlds largest food and beverage business, with over 280,000 employees, 456 factories in 84 countries and sales of more than $140 billion in 2008. In our region, Nestlà © products have been available since the 1880s and in 1885; around 125 years ago, the company was first registered in New Zealand. (Nestle, 2012) Nestlà © Kit Kat is the number one sub brand within the Bar Chunky segment with 14% value share of Bar Chunky in Total Supermarkets, and growing at 27% MAT, well ahead of the Bar segment growth of 11%. (FMCG, 2012). As market leader of this segment Nestlà © continues to invest in Kit Kat communication to shoppers and consumers through a broad spectrum of media including TV, press and online with the Working like a Machine campaign. Also the market leader in white chocolate with good value share (ACNielsen Scan data to 23/05/2010), Nestlà © Milky bar has recently launched No Artificial Colours or Flavours to increase the brands appeal even more. (FMCG, 2012) Graph- From the above research and explanations the marketing positioning of the Cadbury and his competitors are given below in the pie chart. Potential With consumers becoming even more concerned with healthy eating Cadburys would be wise to look into producing a low fat or fat free chocolate range. The advantages of this, as well as the British market, could open a potential US market where people are becoming more aware of healthy eating such as the Atkins diet. (123helpme, 2011) If we talk about Whittaker chocolate, it is one of the chocolate which makes use of large amount cocoa which changes the chocolate into the dark one but large excess of it makes the chocolate bitter as well. There are large numbers of customers who opt for the dark chocolate. But nowadays people goes for a less sugar or sugar free chocolates. So it is must for a Whittaker to get new varieties with less cocoa. But no doubt the main potential of Whittaker is pure coca and cocoa butter with no vegetable fats. Nestle is mainly known for its white chocolate that is milky bar. No other chocolate brand produces such a high growth sale chocolate. (Nestle, 2012) Market Segments: Cadbury the chocolate leader aims to target all individuals who consume chocolate. Thus, it does have any specific segmentation targets. Cadbury chocolates are eaten by people of all ages, sexes, cultures, educational backgrounds, regions and on all occasions. It is not just for a taste but also people taste it on the celebration occasions. However, there is some differentiation targeting as a variety of Cadbury products are available to cater for the individual needs of different groups of customers. For example, a family block (350g) is available for families, Cadbury favourites is available as a gift while Flakes, Crunchie and Cherry Ripe is for individual use. (Chocolatecarnival, 2012) Customers of Cadbury chocolate need a product that satisfies their desire for some quality chocolate. The taste of Cadbury chocolate is the benchmark amongst chocolate lovers. Chocolate is consumed as a snack or after meal desert as well as a gift product for all occasions. Chocolate is gifted during birthdays, special occasions such as Valentines Day and Mothers Day, gifted to guests at a wedding, celebrating victories as well as gifted while visiting relatives and friends. (Chocolatestuff, 2012) But nowadays people are becoming health conscious. With consumers becoming even more concerned with healthy eating Cadbury would be wise to look into producing a low fat or fat free chocolate range. The advantages of this, as well as the Australian market, could open a potential NZ market where people are becoming more aware of healthy eating such as the Atkins diet. But there existed some complaints from the customers that in the Cadbury dairy milk chocolate packet of 200g there was only a 180g so it hit the customer`s mind. (Cadbury, 2012). Then the sale or image of Cadbury got low somehow but then again Cadbury produces new products with different ingredients and again it has attracted the people towards them. And the variation is given below. graph2-300239.jpg This has been a steep learning curve for Cadbury and to their credit; they have really worked to rectify the situation. They reverted to the old recipe in NZ and apologized. However, even their apology to the public didnt go to plan. When Cadbury used large press ads to make apologies for their actions, they neglected the space which caused them all the issues in the first place. As it is found from the New Zealand statistics report that the total number of population is 4,431,043. It includes the entire age sectors group. Out of it 200,000 people have diabetes. So currently the main focus of Cadbury is on the people who are non diabetic 4,231,043. So Cadbury is launching different products to cater the needs of this large mass of people. (stas.gov.nz, 2012) The pie chart shows the sectors of diabetic and non diabetic people and is given below: Internal Environment impacts: Financial analysis Cadbury has invested NZ$69 million to turn Dunedin into a specialist factory and secure manufacturing and jobs in New Zealand. Cadbury Confectionery today confirmed that the restructuring of its New Zealand and Australian manufacturing operations into specialized Centers of Manufacturing Excellence is in its final stage. The project, originally announced back in September 2007 (with a further communication in August 2008) has already seen investment of $NZ69 million to improve the productivity, and secure the long-term future, of its New Zealand manufacturing operations. (Cadbury.co.nz, 2012) Internal organization and structure Cadbury organization is based on a democratic. Management style decisions are made as a result of a consultation process involving various members of the organization (Cadbury). Cadbury Schweppes also have two different structures. The structure that they use for their board of directors has been re-designed to clarify accountability and enable swifter diction-making. (Quote taken from www.cadburyschweppes.com). Looking at the improved organization structure it is clear to see who is in charge of which departments within the business. (123Helpme, 2012) Looking at Cadburys it is clear to see that the company, over time, has delivered the amount of: Workforce it employees and replaced them with more efficient machines. Outsourcing areas of the company like maintenance and market research. Employees are now multi skilled, thus able to work in more than one area of the business. The company has increased its production and profitability or the restructuring. The Cadbury factories all work independently and the company as a hole is decentralized as each factory uses the resources (E.g. milk) of the country they are in. (123Helpme, 2011) Manufacturing/services processes Flow chart of Process Analysis at Cadbury (Source: Slideshare, 2010) Human Resource- Each of Cadburys factories have a HR department, which deal with the factories demand for: 1. New staff with a good skill level or possible past factory experience. 2. Train new/current staff to be able to use new equipment correctly and efficiently. 3. Help current employees with any problems they may have in their work place. (123Helpme, 2011) 5) Management- Cadburys management style is democratic. This is when all members of staff work together as a team. The managers listen to the other employees ideas and suggestions before they go ahead with decisions. If ideas are found to be achievable and successful by the senior group, then it is taken forward. Then as a team they reach a decision. The approach of this style is that they care and listen to everyone in the teams view and what they think not just their own. This style can be used in both large and small groups. (Cadbury, 2012). It would work well in large motivated groups because they can come to a decision a lot quicker, but in a smaller group they can fail with coming up with a decision amongst themselves and will need real guidance and direction. If a decision cannot be made then a vote will take place and the outcome will be the one with the most votes. This management style is good for Cadbury because it motivates workers; with having power and decision-making and through this it allows them to be involved in the business. (Cadbury, 2012) 6) Research and Development The Science Product Development teams significantly influence the development of strategic plans and initiatives, leading cross functional teams to resolve technical and business challenges. They are relentless champions of continuous improvement, identifying new programs and insights to benefit the business, significantly contributing and influencing the direction of strategic initiatives to leverage us to a sustainable competitive advantage. (Itsyourkindofplace, 2011) Marketing Function Cadbury believes that parents and guardians are the most important influence in the development of children. They do not advertise where children under the age of eight years are likely to be the majority of the audience. They also do not believe that its appropriate to sell our confectionery products through vending machines in primary schools and we will not do so. Cadbury will only provide vending machines in secondary schools when were asked to do so by the education or school authority, and when the products meet nutritional guidelines set by the authority. Cadbury organization is proud of its brands. They provide fun and enjoyment as treats or refreshment, and are valued for their functional benefits. They can be enjoyed as part of a balanced diet and lifestyle. They provide choice by offering variety and through innovation and encourage responsible consumption, as this is central to consumers continuing to enjoy our brands. (Cadbury, 2012) Location- Cadbury is a brand with a long history in New Zealand. Cadbury is a confectionery company owned by Kraft Foods and is the industrys second-largest globally after Mars, Incorporated. Headquartered London, United Kingdom, the company operates in more than 50 countries worldwide. It has main branches in Australia, England, New Zealand and South Africa. In New Zealand the main factory is in Dunedin. (Wikipedia, 2012) External Relationship- William was the second son of Richard Cadbury, who has strong Quaker traditions which influenced his whole life. William Cadbury established the Trust soon after his two years as Lord Mayor of Birmingham from 1919 to 1921, wishing to give more help to the causes in which he was interested. One such was the building of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, a medical centre with the space and facilities to bring together the small specialized hospitals scattered throughout Birmingham, giving them the benefit of up to date buildings, shared administration, shared services and hostels for nurses. Through this charity, he also secured several properties for the National Trust. (Bstrust, 2012) Today trustees are guided by William Cadburys concern for the welfare and wellbeing of the i