See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

See below - Essay Example The action, therefore, would help boost the Irish economy. Swift, however, adopts a satirical approach when addressing the concern of poor families in Ireland. There is evident sarcasm and utter irony at the end of Swift’s proposal (Foshay, 1961). First, it appears absurd that Swift proposes killing of Irish children in an attempt to boost the economy. Despite proposing the main idea of making delicious meals out of Irish children, Swift turns to the good objection. Towards the end of the essay, Swift argues that there are other strategies to reduce population. Reducing the population forms the foremost goal that the Irish government intends to attain. That Swift proposes better ideas than selling and killing children from poor Irish families to solve the problem of overpopulation is a great surprise. Towards the end, the reader is engaged in formulating diverse solutions that can be applicable to address overpopulation, unemployment, and poverty in Ireland. He proposes real solutions to the challenges such as advancing trade to boost the economy (Swift, 2004). Justifiably, Swift challenges the reader to think of viable solutions to societal challenges. Swift, J. (2001). A Modest Proposal: For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents Or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public. Virginia Tech. Retrieved January 2, 2015 from

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay We know this because Candy says ‘boss gives him hell when he’s angry’ about Crooks. Also, Curley’s wife is called ‘tart’ and ‘jail bait’ purely for being a woman. An air of bitterness hangs throughout the book, majorly from these two minor characters; both brought on by loneliness and lack of communication skills. The difference in these characters is that Curley’s wife is open about her loneliness, out looking for company, however Crooks isn’t so fond of letting people know he is lonely, he’d rather just let it go; this is until he finds that Lennie is actually good company, and it is better to have someone there to talk to. Another form of their bitterness is shown through their own mean comments, for example Curley’s wife is racist to Crooks, making the remark that shows her true feelings towards him and his race. Also, Crooks isn’t so kind to Lennie at the start of part 4, tormenting him about George, telling him he would get locked up if George never came back. Although in some ways Curley’s wife is higher up in society that Crooks, Crooks still has a job which women weren’t allowed, not on a ranch anyway. Though black, Crooks was still allowed to work and get paid, without having to marry just to have income. Curley’s wife is made to seem more of a threat by George: he tells Lennie to stay away from her and calls her vicious, sexist names, ‘tart’ and ‘jailbait’ and ‘trouble’. However he never makes comments about Crooks, or about how Lennie shouldn’t go near him, suggesting that he wouldn’t do as much harm to Lennie, or possibly that he is less important than Curley’s wife. Despite being seen as trouble, Curley’s wife could get Crooks in trouble even if he didn’t do anything, Crooks could not do this to her as she was seen as more important in the eyes of the law. Even not taking the law into consideration, the ranch hands probably viewed Crooks as more important, but being married to Curley, would probably have to treat Curley’s wife with more respect if she made accusations against Crooks. Throughout the book there is a parallel of dreams. This ties in with the American Dream, a dream that nearly everyone in America had, and was wildly advertised as ‘the American Way. ’ These two minor characters both had dreams, just like everyone else. However, unfortunately, they’ve both had their chance, Curley’s wife was offered a shot in Hollywood, and thinks that was it for her as she never got the reply she was hoping for. Crooks believes that he has already lived the dream throughout his childhood, so, just like Curley’s wife, he has no shot at a new dream. Themes play a large part in the structure of this novella, weaving in and out of the storyline the whole way through. Main themes like dreams and loneliness are featured the most; however nature, death and friendship also show. Social hierarchy played a large part in society in the 1930’s, as it still does, however not as prominently as back then. Anyone that wasn’t white was instantly looked down on and given fewer rights. Women were seen as sexual objects. With friendship playing a large part in the novella, loneliness also played a part. In particular, Crooks and Curley’s wife were lonely, Crooks is unable to show this at first whereas Curley’s wife is fully able as she is always looking for company. ‘The American Dream’, the major dream all across America to defeat the Great Depression, and to find a place of your own, earning a sufficient amount of money. It starts off just introducing to us the dream of George and Lennie: their dream, like everyone else’s, to get a place of their own and to ‘live of the fatta the lan’ ‘. This later progressed to having Candy involved. After the shooting of his beloved dog he realised that once he gets too old to work he will too be gotten rid of, not as brutally, but still ‘canned’. This also showed a theme of death, and lack of sentimentality. After Candy, Crooks finds an opening for him to join the dream, however soon backs down as he realises this isn’t the best idea. We also realise the dream of Curley’s wife: to be off somewhere in Hollywood, the opposite of where she is now, with someone she doesn’t even like never mind love. She is also lonely; it probably being her dream to have someone to talk to which she never has on a lonely ranch. ‘Soledad’, ‘solitaire’, ‘Weed’ all show ‘sol’- lonely, or ‘Weed’ being the place that George and Lennie lived, and a weed is a plant that no one wants. Bad language curses the novella, giving a real sense of the harsh reality of the 1930’s. ‘Nigger,’ ‘Son-of-a-bitch,’ ‘bastard’ are all words used throughout the book to describe characters in vulgar, often racist ways. Also ‘tart’, ‘jailbait,’ and ‘trouble’ are used to describe Curley’s wife, in the innocence of her life she must put up with these judgemental names that she doesn’t deserve just for having a less preferred gender. All of these curse words show the reality of the language used in ranch life, releasing any anger one had as a result of the hard times they were going through. Many of the men would rub off on each other, so language would only get worse. Crude language and swearing would circle the ranch until everyone was using it and it became a normal vocabulary for these poorly educated men. As well as using curse words, the way Steinbeck actually wrote the book helped to give a sense of the times. ‘†¦he had thin, pain –tightened lips, which were lighter than his face. ’ ‘Pain-tightened’ can only be describing the difficulty in Crooks’ life, he is so lonely and bitter that he has forgotten all communication, which must be such a difficult thing for a social being, however he stays quiet as he has no other option. As we know, racism was a large part of society. This was not only shown through the racist remarks that are made to Crooks throughout the book, but also how Crooks isn’t fully introduced until part four of the novella. This shows his lack of importance and meaning in the story, and that he is just a side character, merely helping to keep the ranch together, and that is it. Not anyone’s friend. Not any reason other than ‘the stable buck’s a nigger’ for him to be mentioned. When this minor character is introduced, he is introduced in such a way that we can straight away grasp his true personality and really understand who he is. His belongings show his inner personality, and his lack of hope to move on with his life, and that even though he is hardly mentioned as an important character, he is probably the most likely person on that ranch to never leave. Moving on from Crooks, Curley’s wife is also described in a way that says a lot about her visual appearance, showing that she probably cares more about what she looks like on the outside than what she is like on the inside. ‘She has full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made sup. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. ’ No match for ranch life, Curley’s wife enters the book also majorly in part four, displaying her unimportance. She makes a storm as she gives the unforgivable comment to Crooks, showing that she is not only heavily made up on the outside, but also heavily made up on the inside, in that she thinks she is better than him, and almost big headed. To conclude, I feel that the novella truly did show the hardship of the 1930’s, and what these men went through. The social + historical context, character description, language, themes and structure all piece together to make an unforgettably moving novella. I feel that the parallels through the book e. g. the book starting with life on the Salinas river, then ending with death in the same place, the parallels through George killing Lennie as he is a true friend who truly cares about him and wants the best for him. I feel that Crooks and Curley’s wife did say unforgivingly nasty things to others, however, given the times, probably didn’t mean a word of it, and were both trying to prove their status, showing that where you are in social hierarchy was very important to them as it was probably all they had left. I do sympathise for them as they are, like everyone else, in need of company. Overall, taking the title into account, no matter how big or small you are, fate is always against you.

Cadbury Is A Brand With A Long History Marketing Essay

Cadbury Is A Brand With A Long History Marketing Essay Cadbury is a brand with a long history in New Zealand and a passionate commitment to making everyone feel happy. Cadbury  is a  confectionery  company owned by  Kraft Foods. Its main  headquarter is in London, United Kingdom, and the company operates in more than 50 countries worldwide. John Cadbury shaped the business in 1824 on the name of Cadbury. The business started as a shop in a fashionable place in Birmingham. It sold things such as tea and coffee, mustard and a new sideline cocoa and drinking chocolate, which John Cadbury prepared him using a mortar and pestle.   In 1847 a large factory was rented in Bridge  Street Birmingham. In the mean time John Cadbury was joined by his  brother Benjamin and the name of the business became Cadbury Brothers  of Birmingham.  (Wikipedia, 2010) In 1866 when the brothers  introduced the process of pressing the cocoa butter out of the cocoa  beans. The benefits for the Cadbury brothers was that they could use  the butter to make different types of eating chocolate the first of which was the Cadburys dairy milk.   A description of Cadburys and their aims and objectives Cadbury is an international company that makes market and sells unique brands chocolate. Cadbury have done this successfully for over 200 years. The reason they are so successful is because they have a clear understanding of the needs of their consumers, customers and other stakeholders.   Dunedin is a major centre for Cadbury Schweppes in the region, with the site playing host to Cadbury World and being a major production and distribution centre. (Coursework, 2003) Product and services   Dunedin is a major centre for Cadbury Schweppes in New Zealand and major production of Cadbury chocolates are done here. It is also called a major distribution centre of Chocolate. Some of the major products brands produced by Cadbury includes : Bars  Dairy Milk,  Crunchie,  Caramel,  Wispa,  Boost,  Picnic,  Flake,  Curly Wurly,  Chomp, and  Fudge; chocolate  Buttons; the boxed chocolate brand  Milk Tray and the twist-wrapped chocolates  Heroes. As well as Cadburys chocolate, the company also owns  Maynards  and Halls, and is associated with several types of confectionery including former Trebor and Bassetts brands or products such as Liquorices Allsorts,  Jelly Babies,  Flumps,  Mints,  Dolly Mix,  Black Jack  chews,  Trident gum, and Soft mints.( Indiamart, 2012) Market of interests Cadbury Confectionery Ltd is the most dominant player in chocolate confectionery in New Zealand. The company rebounded from negative media attention in 2009 to reclaim a lost percentage point in value share during 2010, to account for 52%, making it by far the largest player in chocolate confectionery. (Euro monitor, 2011) Chocolate is now one of the best sweet for everyone`s. It includes cocoa in it because of which it seems dark and sweet. The first is the growing share that high-cocoa dark chocolate makes up of the estimated $350 million to $400m of chocolate each year. (Wikipedia, 2012)It changes the tastes of chocolates to darker, richer chocolate the 72% cocoa content Dark Ghana slabs are now Whittakers biggest seller, while 70% cocoa Old Gold is Cadburys fastest-growing line mirrors our increasingly sophisticated taste for everything from coffee and tea, to olive oil and wine. (Whitakers, 2012) Scarborough Fair, which is owned by a consortium of small, private investors in New Zealand and sources its cocoa from Peru, is aiming to foot it in the same large-format bar that has been so successful for Cadbury and Whittaker. Though its bars are slightly lighter (180g compared to 250g), they take up the same footprint on the shelf and the price per gram is only 2.3c, compared to the 1.9c for the dominant players in the supermarket slab market, in which Cadbury has a roughly 70% share, followed by Whittakers which claims roughly a 20% share. (Wikinvest, 2012) Cadbury plc (NYSE:CBY) is  confectionery  company that makes 7.3% of the worlds  chocolate  (by dollar volume), 27% of the worlds gum, and 7.4% of its candy. Australia and New Zealand are CBYs largest markets in the region.  CBY leads the Australian confectionery market with a number one share in chocolate at 53%.  (Wikinvest, 2012)Cadburys main chocolate brand in Australia is Cadbury Dairy Milk and in New Zealand, brands include Cadbury Dairy Milk and Moro. CBY has a number one position in New Zealands confectionery market with a 47% share. Image:CBY_Revenue_and_Net_Profit.jpg (Source: Wikinvest, 2010) Participates in the Global Competitive Marketplace global-confectionery-market-share.ashx.jpeg Trends Cadbury plc, the producer of the Dairy Milk brand has reported a 6 per cent increase in profits last year. The increase in the sales was due to the increase in the marketing investment in the Dairy Milk products. The marketing budget was increased from $87m last year to $120m, which is up 10.8% in respect to sales. Marketing indeed has helped the confectionary company gross a good deal of profit in this global economic storm. (Cadbury, 2012) Cadburys most known brands, Dairy Milk, Halls and Trident helped boost growth by 11 percent. Dairy Milk with its finger licking chocolates obviously was a good performer in the Cadbury headquarters, London. Cadbury chocolates especially Dairy milk makes use of less cocoa in its production thats why its taste is not bitter and colour is not so as dark like other chocolates. So mostly the kids and the adults too opt for this chocolate as their sweet dish only because of its quality and taste. Cadbury is indeed a good example of how marketing strategies can help turn an unfavorable situation in to a favorable one. (Cadbury, 2012) Other Issue Adverse weather conditions have brought about global shortages for raw materials such as sugar and dairy products. Furthermore, political tensions in the Ivory Coast (where most of the worlds cocoa comes from) have pushed up the prices for cocoa. Consequently global commodity prices have surged which had a negative impact on chocolate confectionery manufacturers. Unlike other manufacturers, chocolate confectionery manufacturers have found it difficult to pass on price increases to consumers, given the predominant supermarket strategy to employ promotional pricing. (Euromonitor, 2011).Consequently, individual manufacturers are faced with the decision to either internalize cost increases to secure consumer demand and continue selling products on promotion or pass such costs onto consumers with the potential consequence of losing consumer demand to competitors. The strategy employed by manufacturers depended largely on whether they produced premium chocolate products or not. Premium cho colate product manufacturers found it easier to pass on cost increases, due to the higher price points of their products. Conversely, other manufacturers preferred to internalize their cost increases as much as possible. (Euromonitor, 2011) External Environment impacts Technology The special taste and texture of Cadbury chocolate is based on long traditions of expertise in chocolate recipe and processing methods unique to Cadbury. In this competitive era and due to advancement in science, technologies are improving and getting more reliable for the people and new technology enables the process to be highly tuned to consumers evolving tastes and preferences. Chocolate production is a highly sophisticated, computer controlled process, with much of the new specialist technology and machinery being produced to Cadburys own design and specification. The Dunedin facility employs over 700 personnel and produces in excess of 5,000t of chocolate crumb every year as well as finished products. (Cadbury, 2012). The factory is the largest chocolate manufacturing plant in New Zealand. It supplies finished products for the domestic markets in New Zealand and Australia and, in addition, exports chocolate crumb to Cadbury finishing plants in Australia, Pakistan and China. Dunedin in New Zealand was chosen by Cadbury because of its excellent infrastructure and a plentiful supply of rich milk for chocolate production. Chocolate crumb is a commodity that is in demand globally as the consumption of chocolate per capita worldwide increases to record levels. (Tourism.net, 2012) Political Cadbury food labeling laws are very precise about what can and cannot be called chocolate. Chocolate is any product made from cocoa nibs, cocoa mass, cocoa, fat-reduced cocoa or any combination of two or more of these ingredients, with or without extracted cocoa butter and sucrose. Dark Chocolate must not contain less than 35% total dry cocoa solids, of which at least 14% must be dry non-fat cocoa solids. Milk chocolate must either be 20:20, with a minimum of 20% dry cocoa solids (of which 2.5% non-fat cocoa solids) and a minimum of 20% milk solids (minimum 5% milk fat). Dairy Milk is this type of milk chocolate. (Skillsspace, 2012) 14:25, with a minimum of 25% dry cocoa solids (of which 2.5% non-fat cocoa solids) and a minimum of 14% milk solids (minimum 3.5% milk fat). This type of milk chocolate can be called European or coating chocolate. (Skillsspace, 2012) The Food Standards Agency is responsible for checking that the law is upheld on the safety of materials that come into contact with food (e.g. food processing machinery and packaging) and food labeling. Labels must contain certain information, e.g. the product`s name, the companys name, a list of ingredients, special storage instructions). Companies have to make sure they know what the law is and that they conform to it. Two important laws are: Food Safety Act, 1990 Sale and Supply of Goods Act, 1994 Covers four main areas: Goods must: 1. Labeling 1. Be of a satisfactory quality 2. Additives 2. Fit the description given 3. Composition (or content) 3. Be fit for their purpose as made known to the seller 4. Public health and hygiene. (Source: Skillsspace, 2012) Economics Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate is the leader chocolate in overall New Zealand. It will now include Fair trade Certified products in its range. Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate products becoming Fair trade Certified will increase Fair trade chocolate sales 20 fold, and double last years total sales of Fair trade Certified products in New Zealand and Australia. The scale of Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate going Fair trade is massive with more than 5.7 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks in New Zealand and estimated 350 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks globally in 2010. (Cadbury, 2012). The move is the result of nearly two years of work with Cadburys Fair trade partners globally. It follows more than 100 years of pioneering ethical chocolate production, including the ground-breaking Cadbury Cocoa Partnership where Cadbury is providing NZ$120 million over 10 years to improve the lives of cocoa farmers. (ChocolateCarnival, 2009) Cadbury has invested NZ$69 million to turn Dunedin into a specialist factory and secure manufacturing and jobs in New Zealand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In the wake of rising operating and ingredient costs, Cadbury is reducing manufacturing costs so its products remain affordable at the checkout. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Dunedin upgrade into a world class specialist manufacturing facility is almost complete and it will make iconic products such as Cadbury Jaffas, Pascall Pineapple Lumps, Cadbury Chocolate Fish, Cadbury Pinky, and boxed chocolates for Australia and New Zealand as well as chocolate crumb, the base ingredient in Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate.(Cadburyworld, 2012) Cadbury Confectionery today confirmed that the restructuring of its New Zealand and Australian manufacturing operations into specialized Centers of Manufacturing Excellence is in its final stage. The project, originally announced back in September 2007 (with a further communication in August 2008) has already seen investment of $NZ69 million to improve the productivity, and secure the long-term future, of its New Zealand manufacturing operations. (Cadbury, 2012) Social culture The culture of Cadburys started out being paternalistic as the company was devoted to making its employees feel welcome and valued within the company. Cadburys relied on its staff very heavily as without a vast employee base the company would not be the big corporation it is today. Cadburys built their famous Bourneville site along with accommodation for gaining the attractions of an employee so the workforce would be close to their place of business. Along with this the factory was built in the middle of a garden so when employees had finished work or were on a break they had somewhere to relax as well as socialize with other colleges on a Sunday as the factory was closed. Today Cadburys have become a company who has a culture, which is interested in keeping its stakeholders happy. Along with this and the advancement in technology Cadburys have now lost its broad employee range and replaced it with machines and now only employ enough staff to keep the machines going. By being stakeholder driven the company has now become controlled by shareholders who are mainly interested in the company making a profit. (123helpme, 2011) Demography Demography is the main thing if someone is selling the products. Cadbury, from his very beginning, has a same focus on his demography factors. Cadbury focuses on all the people whether its a child, youngsters, teenagers or oldies. The story starts with Once upon a time in 1948à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ when Cadbury entered the Indian market. It originated from a town in the United Kingdom, Bourneville in 1905. (Cadbury, 2012) As the Cadburys official web site suggests, its journey in India has been an eventful one. In the early 1990s, it tried to cater to the sweet tooth of the children. Those days they steered the market and took control over the companys major market share. However, the strategy changed by letting out the secret that Everyone has a child inside and thus everyone craves for the taste of chocolate. Cadbury strategies went through a considerable change. It now catered from children to adults. There is some differentiation targeting as a variety of Cadbury products are available to cater for the individual needs of different groups of customers. But nowadays the people are suffering with diabetes. So the diabetic segment people started use of less chocolate or sugar free thing. Diabetes: Diabetes occurs when there is too much glucose (sugar) in the blood. Over time, this can cause damage to many parts of the body. Diabetes is common about 170,000 people in New Zealand have diabetes and rising rapidly as more of us are getting fatter. Based on the most likely future scenario, the diabetes epidemic is forecast to grow rapidly over the 15 years from 1996 to 2011. (Healthnavigator, 2012) Forecast increase in number of (diagnosed) diabetics, 1996 to 2011 (Source: Healthnavigator, 2012) Economy In December 2006 Cadbury Schweppes, the well-known confectionery manufacturer, announced the expansion of its operation in New Zealand on the South Island in the city of Dunedin. The expansion project required a total investment of NZ$69m (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬39m). (Cadburyworld, 2012). In August 2008, an additional investment was announced taking the total amount of investment in the project to NZ$69m. Part of the investment was contributed through the Investment New Zealand Strategic Investment Fund. This amount was around NZ$2m and was granted ostensibly for Cadbury to establish an international chocolate crumb research and product development centre at the Dunedin site. (Tourism, 2012) Cadbury contributed a further NZ$17.5m for new buildings, plant and environmental work. The company provided a further NZ$500,000 for the RD centre. (Foodprocessing, 2012). Contractors working for Cadbury Schweppes included Production Logistics NZ for control system integration and software development for the manufacturing control systems. Streak Automation has also worked on the Pack100 Wrapper Automation upgrade that involved the redesign and upgrade of the PLC and servo controls and mechanics for the high-speed wrapping machine, which wraps all of the small-size chocolate at the site. Finally, the manufacturing areas (surfaces, pipes, machinery and ceilings) at Dunedin use a special paint with low volatiles (low odor) to avoid tainting the products. (Foodprocessing-technology, 2011) Competitors: Whittaker In 1890, James Henry Whittaker came to NZ and brought his chocolate knowledge from working for a confectioner in England at 14. Since 1896 he has been making Australasias premium chocolate. Today it is still owned and run by the Whittaker family. All the products are made in the factory in Porirua, Wellington and they source the best ingredients from all around the world. The Whittakers range now includes 65 delicious different treats. (Whittaker, 2012). It is exported to countries such as Singapore, Australia, Vietnam and India. The milk chocolate contains 33% cocoa, compared to their competitor, Cadbury, whose milk chocolate only contains 21% cocoa. The dark chocolate contains 50% to 72% cocoa. The cocoa comes from Ghana and Madagscar so it is some of the best quality chocolate in the world. It is all Halah accredited by FIANZ (excluding Rum and Raisin) and all gluten free (except Kiwifruit Block and Toffee Milks). Milk also isnt an ingredient in the dark chocolate which is great f or the lactose intolerant and for vegans. (Whittaker, 2012) Four P`s Product Packaging Branding Blocks, Slab, Chunks, Sante, Toffee Milk, Bars, Square Dark Ghana Pips Place- Service Stations Super Market Stores Dairys and convenience stores Price- Low price with best quality Promotion- Internet Posters TV advertisements Nestle Henri Nestlà © gave his name to what is now the worlds largest food and beverage business, with over 280,000 employees, 456 factories in 84 countries and sales of more than $140 billion in 2008. In our region, Nestlà © products have been available since the 1880s and in 1885; around 125 years ago, the company was first registered in New Zealand. (Nestle, 2012) Four P`s Product- Bars Blocks Place- Service Stations Super Market Stores Dairys and convenience stores Price- Nestle again decides it price on the basis of competition. The best think about the company nestle is that it is very flexible and it can come down with the price very quickly. Promotion- Advertisements Personal Selling Sales Promotion Publicity and Public Relations Marketing Mixes and Profitability: 1. Whittaker: Whittakers markets a range of 250g Blocks, Slabs, Santà © Bars and Chunks in supermarkets. In the molded Block Chocolate market, Whittakers has made a quantum jump in sales and retail sales for the brand at the end of May 2009 were $17 million with growth of 62.7% pushing sales at the end of May 2010 to $27.6m. This is a market that only grew 12.2% (Aztec Molded Block Market MAT). (Whittaker, 2012) In addition, the company launched two new 250g Block varieties: Dark Peppermint and Milk Madagascar. The Dark Peppermint matches the 72% Dark Ghana with a fresh peppermint fondant, while Milk Madagascar is the first major chocolate block launched in New Zealand using beans from Madagascar. The beans give the chocolate a citrus note with hints of caramel and honey. Both varieties report success and a good reception from consumers. (Stuff, 2012) Whittakers Peanut Slabs, Santà © Bars and Chunks have also shown strong growth in the Enrobed Chocolate market, with sales growing 20.6% over the past 12 months (Aztec Enrobed Market MAT) in a market which grew by 8%. (Whitakers, 2012) 2. Nestle: Henri Nestlà © gave his name to what is now the worlds largest food and beverage business, with over 280,000 employees, 456 factories in 84 countries and sales of more than $140 billion in 2008. In our region, Nestlà © products have been available since the 1880s and in 1885; around 125 years ago, the company was first registered in New Zealand. (Nestle, 2012) Nestlà © Kit Kat is the number one sub brand within the Bar Chunky segment with 14% value share of Bar Chunky in Total Supermarkets, and growing at 27% MAT, well ahead of the Bar segment growth of 11%. (FMCG, 2012). As market leader of this segment Nestlà © continues to invest in Kit Kat communication to shoppers and consumers through a broad spectrum of media including TV, press and online with the Working like a Machine campaign. Also the market leader in white chocolate with good value share (ACNielsen Scan data to 23/05/2010), Nestlà © Milky bar has recently launched No Artificial Colours or Flavours to increase the brands appeal even more. (FMCG, 2012) Graph- From the above research and explanations the marketing positioning of the Cadbury and his competitors are given below in the pie chart. Potential With consumers becoming even more concerned with healthy eating Cadburys would be wise to look into producing a low fat or fat free chocolate range. The advantages of this, as well as the British market, could open a potential US market where people are becoming more aware of healthy eating such as the Atkins diet. (123helpme, 2011) If we talk about Whittaker chocolate, it is one of the chocolate which makes use of large amount cocoa which changes the chocolate into the dark one but large excess of it makes the chocolate bitter as well. There are large numbers of customers who opt for the dark chocolate. But nowadays people goes for a less sugar or sugar free chocolates. So it is must for a Whittaker to get new varieties with less cocoa. But no doubt the main potential of Whittaker is pure coca and cocoa butter with no vegetable fats. Nestle is mainly known for its white chocolate that is milky bar. No other chocolate brand produces such a high growth sale chocolate. (Nestle, 2012) Market Segments: Cadbury the chocolate leader aims to target all individuals who consume chocolate. Thus, it does have any specific segmentation targets. Cadbury chocolates are eaten by people of all ages, sexes, cultures, educational backgrounds, regions and on all occasions. It is not just for a taste but also people taste it on the celebration occasions. However, there is some differentiation targeting as a variety of Cadbury products are available to cater for the individual needs of different groups of customers. For example, a family block (350g) is available for families, Cadbury favourites is available as a gift while Flakes, Crunchie and Cherry Ripe is for individual use. (Chocolatecarnival, 2012) Customers of Cadbury chocolate need a product that satisfies their desire for some quality chocolate. The taste of Cadbury chocolate is the benchmark amongst chocolate lovers. Chocolate is consumed as a snack or after meal desert as well as a gift product for all occasions. Chocolate is gifted during birthdays, special occasions such as Valentines Day and Mothers Day, gifted to guests at a wedding, celebrating victories as well as gifted while visiting relatives and friends. (Chocolatestuff, 2012) But nowadays people are becoming health conscious. With consumers becoming even more concerned with healthy eating Cadbury would be wise to look into producing a low fat or fat free chocolate range. The advantages of this, as well as the Australian market, could open a potential NZ market where people are becoming more aware of healthy eating such as the Atkins diet. But there existed some complaints from the customers that in the Cadbury dairy milk chocolate packet of 200g there was only a 180g so it hit the customer`s mind. (Cadbury, 2012). Then the sale or image of Cadbury got low somehow but then again Cadbury produces new products with different ingredients and again it has attracted the people towards them. And the variation is given below. graph2-300239.jpg This has been a steep learning curve for Cadbury and to their credit; they have really worked to rectify the situation. They reverted to the old recipe in NZ and apologized. However, even their apology to the public didnt go to plan. When Cadbury used large press ads to make apologies for their actions, they neglected the space which caused them all the issues in the first place. As it is found from the New Zealand statistics report that the total number of population is 4,431,043. It includes the entire age sectors group. Out of it 200,000 people have diabetes. So currently the main focus of Cadbury is on the people who are non diabetic 4,231,043. So Cadbury is launching different products to cater the needs of this large mass of people. (stas.gov.nz, 2012) The pie chart shows the sectors of diabetic and non diabetic people and is given below: Internal Environment impacts: Financial analysis Cadbury has invested NZ$69 million to turn Dunedin into a specialist factory and secure manufacturing and jobs in New Zealand. Cadbury Confectionery today confirmed that the restructuring of its New Zealand and Australian manufacturing operations into specialized Centers of Manufacturing Excellence is in its final stage. The project, originally announced back in September 2007 (with a further communication in August 2008) has already seen investment of $NZ69 million to improve the productivity, and secure the long-term future, of its New Zealand manufacturing operations. (Cadbury.co.nz, 2012) Internal organization and structure Cadbury organization is based on a democratic. Management style decisions are made as a result of a consultation process involving various members of the organization (Cadbury). Cadbury Schweppes also have two different structures. The structure that they use for their board of directors has been re-designed to clarify accountability and enable swifter diction-making. (Quote taken from www.cadburyschweppes.com). Looking at the improved organization structure it is clear to see who is in charge of which departments within the business. (123Helpme, 2012) Looking at Cadburys it is clear to see that the company, over time, has delivered the amount of: Workforce it employees and replaced them with more efficient machines. Outsourcing areas of the company like maintenance and market research. Employees are now multi skilled, thus able to work in more than one area of the business. The company has increased its production and profitability or the restructuring. The Cadbury factories all work independently and the company as a hole is decentralized as each factory uses the resources (E.g. milk) of the country they are in. (123Helpme, 2011) Manufacturing/services processes Flow chart of Process Analysis at Cadbury (Source: Slideshare, 2010) Human Resource- Each of Cadburys factories have a HR department, which deal with the factories demand for: 1. New staff with a good skill level or possible past factory experience. 2. Train new/current staff to be able to use new equipment correctly and efficiently. 3. Help current employees with any problems they may have in their work place. (123Helpme, 2011) 5) Management- Cadburys management style is democratic. This is when all members of staff work together as a team. The managers listen to the other employees ideas and suggestions before they go ahead with decisions. If ideas are found to be achievable and successful by the senior group, then it is taken forward. Then as a team they reach a decision. The approach of this style is that they care and listen to everyone in the teams view and what they think not just their own. This style can be used in both large and small groups. (Cadbury, 2012). It would work well in large motivated groups because they can come to a decision a lot quicker, but in a smaller group they can fail with coming up with a decision amongst themselves and will need real guidance and direction. If a decision cannot be made then a vote will take place and the outcome will be the one with the most votes. This management style is good for Cadbury because it motivates workers; with having power and decision-making and through this it allows them to be involved in the business. (Cadbury, 2012) 6) Research and Development The Science Product Development teams significantly influence the development of strategic plans and initiatives, leading cross functional teams to resolve technical and business challenges. They are relentless champions of continuous improvement, identifying new programs and insights to benefit the business, significantly contributing and influencing the direction of strategic initiatives to leverage us to a sustainable competitive advantage. (Itsyourkindofplace, 2011) Marketing Function Cadbury believes that parents and guardians are the most important influence in the development of children. They do not advertise where children under the age of eight years are likely to be the majority of the audience. They also do not believe that its appropriate to sell our confectionery products through vending machines in primary schools and we will not do so. Cadbury will only provide vending machines in secondary schools when were asked to do so by the education or school authority, and when the products meet nutritional guidelines set by the authority. Cadbury organization is proud of its brands. They provide fun and enjoyment as treats or refreshment, and are valued for their functional benefits. They can be enjoyed as part of a balanced diet and lifestyle. They provide choice by offering variety and through innovation and encourage responsible consumption, as this is central to consumers continuing to enjoy our brands. (Cadbury, 2012) Location- Cadbury is a brand with a long history in New Zealand. Cadbury is a confectionery company owned by Kraft Foods and is the industrys second-largest globally after Mars, Incorporated. Headquartered London, United Kingdom, the company operates in more than 50 countries worldwide. It has main branches in Australia, England, New Zealand and South Africa. In New Zealand the main factory is in Dunedin. (Wikipedia, 2012) External Relationship- William was the second son of Richard Cadbury, who has strong Quaker traditions which influenced his whole life. William Cadbury established the Trust soon after his two years as Lord Mayor of Birmingham from 1919 to 1921, wishing to give more help to the causes in which he was interested. One such was the building of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, a medical centre with the space and facilities to bring together the small specialized hospitals scattered throughout Birmingham, giving them the benefit of up to date buildings, shared administration, shared services and hostels for nurses. Through this charity, he also secured several properties for the National Trust. (Bstrust, 2012) Today trustees are guided by William Cadburys concern for the welfare and wellbeing of the i

interent personals :: essays research papers

Romance is not Gone - I Promise!!! Click here for more Ads Like This One. I live in Decatur and I am divorced - after 22 years of marriage since June of last year. There was something missing and we just grew apart. A friend told me about this internet thingie and I tried it. Lets just say the jury is still out - have meet some very very strange people. My monk application is next to the computer LOL - I have come to the conclusion that the computer is an escape from reality for some - so please be very careful. This technology is great but there is nothing better that the spoken word - just two people talking and listening to each other. Guess I am a little old fashion :) I have two children - both not living at home - my daughter is 20 is currently in school at UA and is a Chemical Eng major. My son Chris, is 17 and lives with his mother and is still in high school - he will probably be there till he is 30 based on his grades. He is a typical boy - loves sports and girls and high school is where to socialize not study. I am very lucky - I have two great children and they are my life. I teach high school at a small school. This is my second career - I am retired from the military after 21 years. The Clinton drawdown was going on and it was time to leave. Didn't want to but was afraid that I would get a "pink slip" and didn't want to leave under those circumstances. So I had to decide what to do now that I was all grown up and had to find a real job. Teaching fit the bill. I teach both Special Ed and ROTC. I love my school kids to death - they keep me young -- to have got to stay one step ahead of them - but it is a pleasure to go to work each day. I am presently working on a certificate in administration and my EDS.degree. After that I am considering transferring to UA and finish my PhD there - would like a asst. principal or principal position. I enjoy anything outdoors - I am a very casual person - blue jeans and t-shirt.kinda of guy but I also like getting all dressed up (in my best coveralls :) - and going to a nice restaurant.

Bloomability

The title is a newly configured word created by the author, which combines the meaning of the words â€Å"bloom†, and â€Å"ability'. This also encapsulates the meaning of possibility. In this book the main character â€Å"Dominique† (Deadline), has many opportunities. She considers them as burdens rather than possibilities. Her father had rather unsteady and unstable professions. He could not hold a permanent Job for long periods. The family therefore moves to different states frequently. By the time she was 12 years old , they had relocated 12 times.Every place they traveled to leads to more troubles. Eventually, her brother Crick landed In Jail. Her sister Stella, eloped to marry a marine, when she was 16 years old. Fortunately, she returned to the family and confessed her marriage . She was unable to make them believe her. To the surprise of the family, one day Stella goes into labor! The next day Dine began her â€Å"second life†. On the day following the b irth of Stall's baby, her mother's sister Sandy and brother in law Max arrived. WhenAdenine's father was absent, they took Dine away, with the permission of her mother. Dine did not know were she was going and was unaware of the reason for the trip. They drove to the airport and boarded a flight. Dine was very confused. When they got on to the airplane Aunt Sandy told Dine that she was going to attend an international private school in Serialized. Aunt Sandy was going to teach there and Uncle Max was going to be the principal. Dine explores Laguna and finds exciting things to do. She wishes she was home with her family.When Dine attends the school she meets people from all over the world . Len her school it is required for them to learn the Italian language. She makes friends with an American girl, Lila, an American boy, Guthrie, a Spanish girl, Belle and a Chinese boy, Kisses. Unlike Dine, Lila has a very strong personality. Lila doesn't care what other people think about her. She is always complaining. Everyone thinks that she is arrogant but Dine still likes her. The class always goes on amazing trips. They go to SST. Morale for snow skiing.On a skiing trip Dullness two friends, Lila and Guthrie get caught In an avalanche. Luckily, thanks to Deadline, (who saw where they were going), they are able to be rescued. At the end of the year, Dullness aunt and uncle give her a choice: Go home to America for the summer and come back In the fall, or go back to America permanently. The book ends at this point. It Is never said what her decision was. The reader Is left to use her Imagination as to what decision Dine made. This makes the book an even more enjoyable read and you are left guessing how the story

Masculinity and It’s Link in the Importance Essay

Victorian ideas of masculinity. The concept of Victorian masculinity is a diverse one since it was influenced by numerous aspects and factors such as domesticity, economy, gender roles, imperialism, manners, religion and much more. Some of these aspects seem to be quite naturally related to one another, while others seem none-relational. For the males, this included a vast amount of pride in their work, protectiveness over their wives, and an aptitude for good social behaviour. The Victorians saw manliness as good, a form of control over maleness, which was brutish. Christianity contributed much to the Victorian concept of masculinity. The real Victorian man was to be spiritual and a faithful believer. The husband and father was considered to be the head of the household, but his duty was to rule. Victorian men were not only competing for respect within their own sex, but they needed to impress the women too. If they were not married, it depicted that they were not fully masculine because they did not have a family to support. Supporting a family was a sign of true success within the male sex. In the text so far Oscar Wilde shows Earnest/Jacks eagerness as a sign he could trying to assert his masculinity because that is what Victorian society is so judgemental. Prescribing the notion that women were born to dream of marriage, Cecily and Gwendolyn, from The Importance of Being Earnest, are caught up in the fantasies of the perfect marriage to the perfect earnest husband. Cecily and Gwendolyn are fixated on the name Earnest, almost as if it were an obsession; it is the ideal name for their future husbands. They are determined not to marry a man unless he is called Earnest because they believe a man with this name will automatically live up to the name’s expectations of being serious, honourable, and moral. In Wilde’s play, he comically satirizes the name â€Å"Earnest,† through the portrayal of two deceitful men whom the women fantasize as being ideal men worthy of marriage â€Å"My ideal has always been to love some one of the name of Earnest†¦ ’ These two men claim to live up to the Victorian ideals, but then live another life outside of the community to escape the society’s pressures. Henceforth, in the play, the men fall under the pressure of women and Victorian ideals rather than staying true to their identity and personalities. Even when Jack tries to admit his real name, Gwendolyn becomes lost in her ideals of a fantasized husband named Earnest and discourages Jack from confessing his real name. She uses the knowledge that she has learned from the Victorian society to judge whether someone by the name of â€Å"John† or â€Å"Jack† would be a suitable husband for her, and in doing so, she manipulates Jack into hiding his identity out of fear of losing Gwendolyn. He believes the only way Gwendolyn will accept him is to say his name is Earnest.

impact of tourism in Gatlinburg Essay

impact of tourism in Gatlinburg Essay impact of tourism in Gatlinburg Essay Gatlinburg is a small town located just by the entrance to The Great Smoky Mountains National Park and attracts around 11 millions visitors every year (The Gatlinburg Chamber of Commerce, 2013). Along with activities offered in picturesque national park, like hiking, trekking, mountain climbing, cycling, ziplining, white water rafting, back country camping, trout fishing and horseback riding, Gatlinburg itself has a great deal of man-made attractions. Tourists can visit The Ripley's Museum of the Smokies, Believe It Or Not! Odditorium, Guinness World Records Museum, Hollywood Star Car Museum, Space Needle, Gatlinburg Aerial Tramway (America's largest) and Sky Lift, the only one in Tennessee Ober Gatlinburg Ski Resort & Amusement Park, Wastegate Wild Bear Falls Water Park, Christ in the Smokies Museum and Gardens and Mysterious Mansion (The Gatlinburg Chamber of Commerce, 2013). Socio-cultural, environmental and economic impacts of tourism 1.1 Tourism impacts on society and culture a) Discuss two negative and two positive impacts that tourism could have on the society and culture of your chosen destination as a result of an influx of tourists. POSITIVE Tourism in Gatlinburg could affect local communities in positive way. First, by organising cultural events and local festivals, aimed for tourists, which also can give the local people recognition and pride of their heritage. In Great Smoky Arts & Crafts Community, hundreds of talented craftspeople and artists display their works: paintings, jewelry and pottery (The Gatlinburg Chamber of Commerce, 2013). NEGATIVE Influx of tourists can cause overcrowding and congestion in this town with area of 10.1 square miles and 3,944 residents (United States Census Bureau, 2010). It can lead also to rise in crime. b) Suggest how these negative impacts could be minimized. Problem of overcrowding, congestion, pollution and noise can be minimized by introducing outside town car parks. Tourists are advised to leave their cars on the parking lots and use public transportation – trolleys – 8 different colored codes

Native American Literature Essay Example

Native American Literature Essay Example Native American Literature Essay Native American Literature Essay Essay Topic: Girl in Translation These stories were usually presented by speakers who were focused on their performance. They used different voices, hand gestures, movements and were very animated. 2. Why is it important to know the origins of their literature? The origin of the literature helps you understand the stories by knowing the culture in which hey are taking place. It reflects a culture as it existed before the arrival of the Europeans. 3. What might be lost in the translation of their stories? Over time as the stories were retold over and over some of the stories may have been changed. Perhaps they may have changed with time and to adapt to new circumstances. 4. What group of people finally wrote down the stories? Why is this significant? The Native American stories and folklore did not come into print until the 19th century, over 300 years after the arrival of the Europeans. It is important that they wrote these stories down the Indians had a very limited written language and if the Europeans had not recorded them they would have been lost in time. 5. Briefly summarize A Tale of the Sky World. You should focus on plot. In the beginning the world was not as we know it today, up in the sky there was another world called The Sky World where human type beings lived. In this Sky World there was a great tree which bore corn that fed the village. Well it so happened, that the chiefs daughter was very sick but there seems to be no cure in sight. One night, a friend of the Chief had a dream that if the girl was placed by the tree and the tree dug up, her sickness would be cured. The girl was placed by the tree, and the tree was dug up. Along came a man who was upset that the tree that fed the village was being dug up and push the girl into the hole where the tree once was. The hole opened up into a world that was completely covered with water. The girls saw this world as she was falling. As she fell the birds of the sky decided to save her and carried her on their bodies. When they grew tired of carrying her, the turtle stepped in and aired her on his back. They quickly decided they could not continue to carry her and that the earth would become her home. They then began to prepare the earth so she could live on it. Soil from the bottom of the sea was brought up and place on the turtles back and it quickly increase where the land could hold all the earths future creatures. The girl recovered from the illness and was living comfortable on the earth, when she brought forth and baby daughter. The girl grew into adulthood and often accompanied her mother in digging wild potatoes. The daughter soon became with child. The mother claimed it was because she was facing the wrong direction while digging potatoes and the West Wind had entered her causing the pregnancy. The girl soon birthed twin boys, one a reddish color and the other a much lighter color. The grandmother did not like the darker child and cast him out into a hollowed tree. As the lighter skinned boy grew, he became a hunter and soon discovered his brother and told his grandmother of the boy. The grandmother then brought the boy home. The boys were very different from each other in personality. One brother was good a created a world that would help its people survive easily, but the other brother was not so kind and created a world that would hinder its future people and make their lives difficult. The inspection of each others creations caused a huge fight be;en the brothers which resulted in the death of the darker skinned brother. 6. What is being created and how is it being created? A livable earth was being created for the girl and its future inhabitants. This was done by bringing up dirt from the sea bottom and placing it on the turtles ace where it expanded and created enough livable for all the earths future creatures. . What type of tale is this? A creation myth 8. The daughter conceives the twins by facing the West 9. What does the violent ending of the tale suggest about the presence of good and evil on earth? Good always battles evil but, in the end, most of the time good prevails. 10. Briefly summarize The Chiefs Daughters. Two girls were laying under the star s making wishes. One girl wishes to be up in the sky with the dim star and the other wishes to be up in the sky with the bright star. When they awake the next morning, their wishes have come true. The one who wished to be with the dim star was the wife of a brave chief and the girl who wanted to be with the bright star was now a servant. The girls remained friend but, now the girl who wished to be with the bright star was to serve the other girl when they Went to dig turnips. They Were told to never strike the ground twice while digging turnips, but the wife of the brave chief was curious what would happen if they struck twice. The next time they went to dig turnips she convinced her servant girl to strike at the ground twice. Striking twice revealed a hole in which she could see her previous home, the earth. This caused the girls to cry, they both wanted to go home. The chief decided to grant their wish and send them back home to earth. He gathers many lariats and knotted them together and wound them around the girls bodies and dropped them through the clouds to their home. When the people of the village saw the girls they were overjoyed. 11. Discuss the possible moral of this tale. Be careful of what you wish for, as it may not be as good as it seems from afar. 12. What happened when the girl struck twice while digging up turnips? A hole opened up in the ground and she could see her previous home on earth 13. What was used to return the chiefs daughters home? Lariats were knotted together and would around the girls bodies and they were gently dropped through the sky to the earth. 14. This tale is a common type of tale called The Star Husband. want you to find a different version of this tale by searching the internet. Provide the title of your tale, the website where you found it, and compare and contrast it to The Chiefs Daughters. Website found: http://BMW. Profiteroles. S/UP-Html- sends/Amicableness-Mammal. HTML Title: Miasma Women Who Married Star Husbands. A Mica Legend Discussion and Research: How do the American Indian tales you read compare to similar tales from the culture in which you were raised? (For example: Remember that this is considered a creation myth. What story were you told about creation? ) Include the following in your answer: The titles Of the tales you read and briefly summarize each . The American Indian Tales and the tales I was told as a child are similar in that they both have been passed down from generation to generation. Most of the time they each use animals to tell the story. Both types of tales are written in a way that only children themselves could believe them. A creation myth that was told as a child is the myth about where babies come from. The myth is that babies are brought by a Stork. This myth was derived from the tale by Hans Christian Anderson titled The Storks, written in 1838. It is the story of how a mother stork, the father and their babies are made fun of by a group of boys. The teasing upset the baby storks and they wanted to get revenge on the boys. Mother stork would not agree o it until they learned to fly and then on their departure day they may get their revenge. When that day arrived the young storks agreed that the boys who did not sing and tease would get a new baby sibling from the pond where all children lie waiting for the stork to come a deliver them to their parents. The boys who had been first to sing and tease, they would bring him a baby who had dreamed itself to death, and the little boy who refused to sing and said it was not nice to make fun of animals would also get a baby brother or sister because he was a good boy.

Management Information Systems Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Information Systems - Coursework Example Laudon and Laudon (2007) also placed emphasis on the importance of information technology in ensuring business survival. The speed with which businesses have to respond to customers requests makes this a very important point. Information is the lifeblood of an organisation and without information important decisions that determine the continuation of the business cannot be made. The major types of information systems that exist at a company that I am familiar with are inventory management, sales and accounting. These information systems are required in order for management to obtain information on a timely basis so that the right decisions can be made. The major types of problems that these information systems have helped to resolve in an organisation that I am familiar with include: i. The provision of inventory information in real time; ii. The provision of sales information; iii. The provision of timely accounting information. Inventory information is important in the prevention o f under-stocking and over-stocking of items. Stock-outs result in loss sales which eventually go to competitors. Additionally, holding too much of a particular item means that warehouse space is used to hold items that are not moving as fast as expected. The cost of holding stock can be very high especially for inventory items that are moving slowly. Furthermore, items that are moving slow takes up space that other fast moving and profitable stock items could do well with. An inventory management information system helps businesses to manage inventory effectively. Information relating to sales is important for management in service, production and retail businesses to determine if sales targets are being met. In the case of an organisation that provides services it helps management to determine which service area is generating the most revenue and which area is generating the least revenue. In the case of production and retail organisations it provides information on which products are doing well and which ones are doing poorly. Additionally, they will also be able to determine which geographic region they are performing best and worst in. It allows management to make decisions that are well informed and allow them to channel more resources if necessary towards the areas that are performing well and make corrective actions in other areas. Management require accounting information in order to determine which expenses have almost reached or have surpassed the budget. Information on receivables from customers and the amounts payable to suppliers can also be obtained. They also need to know the amount of profit that the business is making on a monthly, quarterly or yearly basis. It therefore means that an accounting system that is linked to other areas of the business becomes critical. When a sale is made and when a purchase takes place the information goes straight to the accounting system and updates the records of customers and suppliers. This allows informatio n to be readily available on critical areas of the business. Therefore, management is able to take the necessary information to achieve the level of profit required. If targets are not attained in a particular month management can then focus on putting the necessary controls in place. Part 2 In order for businesses to compete effectively they need information from within the organisation as well as from outside. This information has to be available quickly in order to enable management to make the right decisions. Therefore, the need exists for

Organization Improvement Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organization Improvement Project - Essay Example essful organization leading in the business of water, gas and electricity, Enron was transformed into a credit laden and failed company due to unaccountability, corruption and failure to apply ethical principles (Gutman, 2002). Unethical and corrupt leadership was the greatest recipe for Enron’s collapse, which for years, the company tried to hide from the public domain. Coupled with dubious retirement plans and stocks, this culminated in disastrous consequences for the company, downgrading what it had achieved in 15 years, whereby it had established itself as a giant in the business world in the US (Gutman, 2002). Measures that the company would have instituted to ensure that the company did not collapse include; inculcation of organizational ethical cultures in company operations and the management; institution of trade-offs between individual actions and positive actions; Encouraging leaders to have ethical consciousness and to ensure leaders are accountable in their actions. Most important, there should be a complete overhaul of corporate and fiscal systems so that transparency and ethics are injected into corporate business practices at Enron. A potent and noteworthy plan needs to be put in place so that improvement can be achieved in the organization. This plan, the Ethical Leadership Decision Making Model, must always expect leaders to exhibit moral awareness before undertaking tasks. In so doing, leaders would be able to gauge the extent of their actions. It is important for every leader to weigh the end results of issues before undertaking them In conclusion, The Enron Scandal illustrates what unethical business practices can do to a successful; company. Once a successful organization, Enron collapsed as a result of unethical decisions, dubious business practices and lack of accountability by its leaders (Gutman, 2002). Had the company instituted business ethics in its practices, it would still be the successful company that ruled America for 15

Organizational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Change - Essay Example This discussion evaluates the reasons for change and most probable responses to the intended change; further, change management as explained in the literature will be explored before concluding with key findings. Innumerable reasons drive organizations to bring about changes in various aspects such as strategies, structures, systems, leadership, services/products, markets etc. The process of substantive change is often a complex process and requires the involvement of many people at various levels, and sometimes even external entities. Reasons for changes can be external forces or internal forces. External forces include political, geographical, legal, social, market-related, competition etc; and internal forces are usually driven by external forces and may include changes to culture, leadership, new products/services, cultural differences etc. Most importantly, organizations are either required to adhere to new laws; adjust to new political systems; enter new geographical locations; introduce new products/services to meet new customer demands; and/or to stay competitive in the market. Internally, the reasons may include entry of new leaders at the top, which also results in changes in organizational culture and strategies; introduction of new organizational systems, technologies, and structures; introduction of new products/services etc. ... n common reasons for resistance, such as lack of information, misinterpretation of change, preference and liking towards the status quo, willingness and commitment, fear of performance-related attributes, and fear. Fear is mostly due to lack of information and understanding related to the need for change and its future impact; fear may also be due to notions attached to job security, status, position or role; fear of failure in performance and rewards and fear associated with increased workloads; fear of change in work groups and disruptions to established interrelationships; and fear of change in power and authority (Nelson & Quick, 2012). Another important point is that identified by Eccles (1994), i.e., lack of trust in management also causes fear and resistance to change (Dawson, 2003). Another perspective is that of emotional aspect developed by employees with respect to their job, relationships, position, performance, location etc (Jordan, 2004). Nelson and Quick (2012) assert that managing change requires the management to build trusting relationships with employees. Openness and transparency in communicating the reasons for change, process of change and expected outcomes of change can be a great beginning to change implementation. A shared vision related to the expected outcomes through intended change will improve commitment towards change. Most importantly, involvement and belongingness of employees are required for successful change. Before adopting strategies towards this effort, employee resistance should be addressed through clarity in roles and goals, and constant communication related to the progress of intended change. This will improve employee commitment and trust in management; it will also enhance involvement, cooperation and collaboration of

The cell by john miller, micheal stone with chris mitchell Research Paper

The cell by john miller, micheal stone with chris mitchell - Research Paper Example The intelligence agencies presented include FBI and other departmental police agencies. The Intelligence agencies ensure safety of every American citizen. In an ideal situation, the agencies are to keep the valid information of every person residing on American soil. They need to prevent cases of terrorist attacks affecting innocent individuals in the society of America. Negligence of the roles of intelligence agencies played a prominent role in facilitating terrorism cases in America. The intelligence agencies failed to get vital information on the plans and execution of the attack although terrorist in this case were residing in America. The terrorists took advantage of this to harm innocent Americans. Different agencies focus much on protocols rather than taking terrorism preventive measures. All citizens enjoy the freedom right provided by American constitution. It becomes difficult for terrorists to be isolated from the innocent civilians within the society. The previous cases of terrorism happened under the watch of FBI, Police agencies, CIA and the federal government. Constant immigration cases have made the works of intelligence agencies in performing their roles in ensuring the safety of American citizens. Previous terrorists like Ranzi Yousef, located to America before executing the terrorist attack of 1993. Intelligence agencies had limited information of this immigrant. These kinds of situations provide room for terrorist attacks in America. Lack of proper communication techniques within and between intelligence agencies limited their capacity to prevent the attacks. This lack of communication is still happening in America. Although killing of Osama bin Laden has indicated an enhanced way of handling the known terrorists, numerous terrorists are still in existence among the innocent members of the society. The intelligence agencies are reluctant to act appropriately despite the fact that they know

Miracles of Jesus Christ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Miracles of Jesus Christ - Essay Example And these were all manifested in the eight miracles of Jesus Christ. Turning of Water into Wine: Jesus Christ as the Living Water Jesus Christ’s first miracle according to John happened during a wedding in Cana in Galilee. There are many facets in the story that would reveal Christ’s deity. Firstly, it could be surmised that John used the symbol of water to signify spiritual cleansing. The element had been numerously cited in the bible to exemplify purification. And to purify oneself, one must have to undergo the process of a parallel spiritual cleansing. And this is achieved through compliance of the instructions of Christ. To point out, in the miracle of turning the plain water to an excellent wine, Mary specifically ordered the servants to follow the instructions given by Christ. These servants represent humanity who has specific orders to dutifully follow the life that Christ lived. And by following the path that Jesus walked, humanity’s old and sinful self d ies to pave way to the rebirth of a new and cleansed self. When we receive Christ the Living Water, we symbolically go through death and are resurrected. In this way, Jesus Christ revealed his deity as water element who can wash away our impure selves so we may become clean before God, our Father. Healing of the Dying : Jesus Christ as the Omnipresent God The second miracle that identified God as a supreme deity is when He healed the son of a prominent official as shown in John 1:1-18. The general theme embedded in this account, we may say, centered on incarnation through the power of faith. In this account, God showed Himself as a deity who is capable of healing regardless of time, distance, space, nationality, sickness, etc. He shows no favor and looks upon everyone equally as long as faith is firmly anchored on him. For humans, distance and time (among other limitations) are physical hindrances that prevent us from fully believing in the power of God. But God’s glory is de monstrated when He fully healed the dying son of the official even when he was not in the scene. And God through Jesus Christ, as an omnipresent deity, conquered the challenges brought about by space and time. Restoration of Sight : Jesus Christ as the Light of the World The third miracle performed by Christ is comparable to the previous miracle in such a way that it can be categorized under healing miracles. In this chapter, Jesus Christ manifested His glory and power by restoring the sight of a blind man. In a physical sense, the blind man symbolized blind faith among non-believers and even those who already saw Jesus but remained skeptical about His identity. The parallelism between physical blindness and spiritual blindness were emphasized in this story. Physically, the blind man was not able to see Jesus but the moment He passed by him, he developed a knowing feeling of His presence and was therefore healed. This scenario is a significant event that identified Jesus’ dei ty as the Light of the World. Biblically, this could be explained by John in the verse: â€Å"I am the light of the world†, he said. Whoever follows me will have the light of life and will never walk in darkness (John 1:2). In the same way, our spiritual blindness comes to an end when we allow Jesus to work into our lives. Feeding the Five Thousand : Jesus Christ as the Bread of Life Like Jesus’ identification of himself as the water that cleanses, one miracle also revealed

Dred Scott v. Sanford,The Lecompton Constitution, Freeport Doctrine Essay

Dred Scott v. Sanford,The Lecompton Constitution, Freeport Doctrine and Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 - Essay Example Upon returning to Missouri, a slave state, he sued for his freedom and the court ruled 7-2 that he did not have citizen status and therefore could not sue. The trial was a legal battle between antislavery forces that argued that once a slave had traveled to a free territory the slave was free. According to Huston (2003), the opposition argued, " being a slave, had no right to petition the court like a citizen— slaves, obviously, were not citizens and had no citizenship rights " (p.217). The trial was seen as an effort by the South to extend their control of slavery into the North. The original case was decided by a technicality but later ordered retried. After a series of trials, the US Supreme Court found that Dred Scott was not entitled to citizenship. This case, more than any other, precipitated the movement toward civil war. It was a test to see how far the South could extend the boundaries of slavery. This would be the beginning of the ever-widening gap between the North and the South. Some abolitionists saw the movement toward war as a positive move towards resolving the issue. Frederick Douglass, though disappointed by the decision, also expressed his hopes that the South would finally be confronted. With the war in sight, it was hoped that victory would eventually bring justice. The Lecompton Constitution The Lecompton Constitution was the Kansas State Constitution presented to Congress to initiate their admission to the Union. One of the issues that surrounded the constitution was whether Kansas would be a free state or a slave state. Proslavery advocates controlled the Lecompton Constitutional Convention of Sept. 1857, while opponents of slavery were given little choice as to the content of the document. The fight over the pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution would result in tensions that would hasten the nation's move towards the Civil War Though most of the Kansas voters were in favor of an antislavery constitution, the majority at the convention were proslavery and would not allow the issue to be put to a fair vote. The antislavery constitution merely outlawed the importation of new slaves, but did not outlaw the existing slavery. When the document was put to a vote, the anti-slavery forces boycotted the proceedings. However, the anti-slavery legislature voted two weeks later and the constitution was voted down. The controversy was presented to Congress who could grant statehood in accordance with the Lecompton Constitution or vote it down. President James Buchanan supported the constitution as written. The House and the Congress compromised in an effort to minimize the crises. However, the damage had already been done. Stampp (1992) contends that, "As a result, 1857 was probably the year when the North and South reached the political point of no return" (p. viii). The split between Republicans and Democrats had reached beyond the their ability to compromise. Freeport Doctrine The Freeport Doctrine was put forward by Stephen Douglas during the Douglas-Lincoln debates of 1858 in Freeport Illinois. The Doctrine specified that local law authorities could enforce federal law as they saw fit. This was an attempt to bridge the gap between slavery and antislavery forces. It was contrary to the earlier Dred Scot decision, which stated slavery could not legally be excluded from the territories. The doctrine, though not new, gained attention during the public debate. Lincoln had fared poorly in the previous debates and took the offensive in Freeport. He asked if a territory "in any lawful way . . . exclude slavery from its limits prior to the formation of a State Constitution" (Carwardine, 2006, p.80). Douglas responded, "Mr. Lincoln has heard me answer a hundred times from every stump in Illinois, that in my opinion the people of a Territory can,

The cell by john miller, micheal stone with chris mitchell Research Paper

The cell by john miller, micheal stone with chris mitchell - Research Paper Example The intelligence agencies presented include FBI and other departmental police agencies. The Intelligence agencies ensure safety of every American citizen. In an ideal situation, the agencies are to keep the valid information of every person residing on American soil. They need to prevent cases of terrorist attacks affecting innocent individuals in the society of America. Negligence of the roles of intelligence agencies played a prominent role in facilitating terrorism cases in America. The intelligence agencies failed to get vital information on the plans and execution of the attack although terrorist in this case were residing in America. The terrorists took advantage of this to harm innocent Americans. Different agencies focus much on protocols rather than taking terrorism preventive measures. All citizens enjoy the freedom right provided by American constitution. It becomes difficult for terrorists to be isolated from the innocent civilians within the society. The previous cases of terrorism happened under the watch of FBI, Police agencies, CIA and the federal government. Constant immigration cases have made the works of intelligence agencies in performing their roles in ensuring the safety of American citizens. Previous terrorists like Ranzi Yousef, located to America before executing the terrorist attack of 1993. Intelligence agencies had limited information of this immigrant. These kinds of situations provide room for terrorist attacks in America. Lack of proper communication techniques within and between intelligence agencies limited their capacity to prevent the attacks. This lack of communication is still happening in America. Although killing of Osama bin Laden has indicated an enhanced way of handling the known terrorists, numerous terrorists are still in existence among the innocent members of the society. The intelligence agencies are reluctant to act appropriately despite the fact that they know

Dred Scott v. Sanford,The Lecompton Constitution, Freeport Doctrine Essay

Dred Scott v. Sanford,The Lecompton Constitution, Freeport Doctrine and Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 - Essay Example Upon returning to Missouri, a slave state, he sued for his freedom and the court ruled 7-2 that he did not have citizen status and therefore could not sue. The trial was a legal battle between antislavery forces that argued that once a slave had traveled to a free territory the slave was free. According to Huston (2003), the opposition argued, " being a slave, had no right to petition the court like a citizen— slaves, obviously, were not citizens and had no citizenship rights " (p.217). The trial was seen as an effort by the South to extend their control of slavery into the North. The original case was decided by a technicality but later ordered retried. After a series of trials, the US Supreme Court found that Dred Scott was not entitled to citizenship. This case, more than any other, precipitated the movement toward civil war. It was a test to see how far the South could extend the boundaries of slavery. This would be the beginning of the ever-widening gap between the North and the South. Some abolitionists saw the movement toward war as a positive move towards resolving the issue. Frederick Douglass, though disappointed by the decision, also expressed his hopes that the South would finally be confronted. With the war in sight, it was hoped that victory would eventually bring justice. The Lecompton Constitution The Lecompton Constitution was the Kansas State Constitution presented to Congress to initiate their admission to the Union. One of the issues that surrounded the constitution was whether Kansas would be a free state or a slave state. Proslavery advocates controlled the Lecompton Constitutional Convention of Sept. 1857, while opponents of slavery were given little choice as to the content of the document. The fight over the pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution would result in tensions that would hasten the nation's move towards the Civil War Though most of the Kansas voters were in favor of an antislavery constitution, the majority at the convention were proslavery and would not allow the issue to be put to a fair vote. The antislavery constitution merely outlawed the importation of new slaves, but did not outlaw the existing slavery. When the document was put to a vote, the anti-slavery forces boycotted the proceedings. However, the anti-slavery legislature voted two weeks later and the constitution was voted down. The controversy was presented to Congress who could grant statehood in accordance with the Lecompton Constitution or vote it down. President James Buchanan supported the constitution as written. The House and the Congress compromised in an effort to minimize the crises. However, the damage had already been done. Stampp (1992) contends that, "As a result, 1857 was probably the year when the North and South reached the political point of no return" (p. viii). The split between Republicans and Democrats had reached beyond the their ability to compromise. Freeport Doctrine The Freeport Doctrine was put forward by Stephen Douglas during the Douglas-Lincoln debates of 1858 in Freeport Illinois. The Doctrine specified that local law authorities could enforce federal law as they saw fit. This was an attempt to bridge the gap between slavery and antislavery forces. It was contrary to the earlier Dred Scot decision, which stated slavery could not legally be excluded from the territories. The doctrine, though not new, gained attention during the public debate. Lincoln had fared poorly in the previous debates and took the offensive in Freeport. He asked if a territory "in any lawful way . . . exclude slavery from its limits prior to the formation of a State Constitution" (Carwardine, 2006, p.80). Douglas responded, "Mr. Lincoln has heard me answer a hundred times from every stump in Illinois, that in my opinion the people of a Territory can,

Osama Bin Laden Essay Example for Free

Osama Bin Laden Essay When the United States experienced the simultaneous terror attacks on September 11, 2001, our country launched a manhunt for the person whom all data pointed to as the mastermind of the attack, Osama Bin Laden. It began as a manhunt for the most wanted terrorist in the world with the mission of getting him dead or alive and ending the threat of international terrorism. As time went on though, the facts and figures, as well as the slant of the military objectives got derailed and Osama Though not forgotten, is no longer the focal point of the war on terror. There is enough evidence in the president’s interviews to prove that the country is has bungled every aspect of the manhunt and our leaders have lost sight of their original mission objectives and perhaps hope that the reports of Bin laden’s medical condition are true and that it will kill him. Or maybe they are hoping against hope that one of the bombs dropped in the caves of Afghanistan actually killed him. Reports have surfaced saying that Osama is as dead as he can ever be. Although some say he is still hiding out in Pakistan or Afghanistan. Which is which? If he is alive, why has he not released a video recently to the news media? Is it true that he limits his exposure only to the internet these days? Or, is this a sign that he is indeed dead? This is what bothers me the most. The fact that our countries leaders are more concentrated on Iraq, a country that seems hell-bent on imploding instead of insuring the protection of our own country against the threats of Osama and his cohorts. Nobody is bothering to confirm the real status of Bin Laden right now it seems. I guess nobody will and the hunt for him will remain a 2nd priority until the next time American lives are sacrificed in an even larger terror attack. Is Osama alive or dead? I believe that because of the way things are going now in the hunt for this terrorist, nobody will ever find the real answer. America has too many tongs in the fire and cannot really complete any of the war goals that have been set. Bin Laden’s cohorts will continue to try propagate the idea that Bin Laden is alive even if he is dead by any means possible for them. Maybe he is dead, but the world will never really know the truth because there is no real evidence to point to his being alive or dead. America‘s indifference to proving the status of Bin laden will mean that at present, and even in the future, the threat of world terrorism will continue to exist and be felt throughout the free world and Bin Laden will continue to be the terrorism poster boy.

Relationship Between a Conductors Length and Wire

Relationship Between a Conductors Length and Wire Electricity has become very useful and has changed everyones life since the day it was discovered. What is Conductivity? What is Resistance? What is the best conductor of electricity? What is Nichrome Wire? There are many factors that influence the electrical resistance in wires, going through a current in circuits. The length of the wire and the cross-sectional area are two very important variables. The flow of charge through wires is often compared to the flow of water through pipes. The resistance to the flow of charge in an electric circuit is analogous to the frictional effects between water and the pipe surfaces as well as the resistance offered by obstacles that are present in its path (The Physics classroom,2016) The total length of the wires will affect the amount of resistance. The longer the wire, the more resistance that there will be. There is a direct relationship between the amount of resistance encountered by charge and the length of wire it must traverse. After all, if resistance occurs as the result of collisions between charge carriers and the atoms of the wire, then there is likely to be more collisions in a longer wire. More collisions mean more resistance. The cross-sectional area of the wires will affect the amount of resistance. Wider wires have a greater cross-sectional area. Water will flow through a wider pipe at a higher rate than it will flow through a narrow pipe. This can be attributed to the lower amount of resistance that is present in the wider pipe. (The Physics classroom,2016) In the same manner, the wider the wire, the less resistance that there will be to the flow of electric charge. When all other variables are the same, charge will flow at higher rates through wider wires with greater cross-sectional areas than through thinner wires.[AR3] Another formula that will be used is the resistance formula which will   Ã‚   (Physicsclassroom, 2016) To work out the cross-sectional area of the wire, the formula The wire that will be used in the experiment is nichrome 30 wire which has a radius of 0.000125m and also nichrome 22 wire, with a radius of 0.0346mm [AR4](3.46e-5m) Ohms law deals with the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. Voltage is the difference in electrical potential energy. For example, if you have a simple circuit with a battery powering a lamp, the electrons will move from the negative side of the battery, through the lamp and then to the positive side. The voltage or the difference in electrical potential energy, between the positive and negative ends of the battery would be the amount labelled on the battery because the charge was used to move the electron around the circuit. A good analogy for voltage is a waterfall. The water at the top of the waterfall is similar to the negatively charged electrons and the water at the bottom of fall is similar to the discharged electrons. As the water flows from the top of the fall to the bottom it loses all of it gravitational potential energy just like the electrons losing their charge when they travel around the circuit. Current is the total amount of charge passing through a conductor over a period of time. The water analogy for current would be how fast the water is flowing or how much water is passing through a bit of river over a period of time. [AR5](Crash Course, 2016) Ohms law can be summarised with (Hyperphysics, 2016) Since the results of the experiment will be recorded using a voltmeter and ammeter, the resistance will have to be calculated using ohms law re-arranged   Ã‚   (Hyperphysics, 2016) Resistivity P (Ohm M) = and a resistivity coefficient 1.1010-6à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦m to 1.5010-6à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦m at 20 °C so this figure will be used in the resistance formula [AR6](Elert, 2016)   Change of conductor length [AR7] 4.481[AR8] Change of conductor cross sectional area R= 3.00 R= 6.00 Lengths of conductor Resistance wire area of Resistance wire area of 3.46e-5m 0.2 4.481 3.000 0.4 8.964 6.000 0.6 13.44 9.011 0.8 17.92 12.015 1 22.4 15.019 This process was repeated for all figures/ conductor cross sectional area and the following graph and tables gives the result[AR9] Figure 1 The graph above shows the resistance when the wire cross sectional area is at 3.46e-5m, while the length of the wire/ conductor changes The above research prompts the following hypothesis: If the length of an electrical conductor increases, then the conductors resistance will increase[AR10], if the cross-sectional area increases, then the resistance will increase because resistance occurs due to charge carriers and the atoms of the wire colliding, longer wire, more collisions[AR11][AR12]. Equipment was gathered which included a voltmeter, ammeter, 12v power supply and nichrome wire were all joined together to making a complete circuit[AR14]. Alligator clip leads helped to complete the circuit. Pliers were used to straighten and scissors to cut the wire. 0.20m of nichrome wire was put into the circuit and was taped to the metre ruler to keep the wire as straight as possible so the length can be measured as accurate as possible. The length of varied, the wire went up by 0.20m intervals all the way up too 1.20m, starting from 0.20 Figure 3: Self Drawn, Word [AR15] The voltmeter was in parallel to the exposed nichrome wire because it measured the energy difference between two points. If it was connected in series it would barley measure anything because the energy difference would be so insignificant. The ammeter measured the current passing through the wire. If it was connected in parallel, it would not be measuring the current through the nichrome wire. A light bulb was used to consume the energy to avoid a short circuit[AR16]. The independent variable was the length of the exposed nichrome wire. The dependent variable was the electrical resistance of the wire. The controlled variables included wire thickness, material, temperature, as these are all known variables that effect resistance, same equipment because small differences in calibration will affect their readings, same people doing the same jobs so that everything thing is done in the same way each time, same circuit/configuration as to not produce inconsistencies. This experiment was hazardous, injury was avoided as precautions were taken. All sharp objects such as scissors and pliers were used with caution to avoid cuts and pinches. Eye protection was used when cutting to avoid pieces of wire flying into eyes. Electrocution was avoided by having dry hands and only modifying the circuit when the power supply was off.[AR17] To find Resistance This Formula above was used to find the Resistance Resistance[AR19] coefficent @ 1.1010-6m wire area of 3.46e-5m Wire Length (m) Current Trial 1 (A) Current Trial 2 (A) Current Trial 3[AR20] (A) Average Current Voltage Trial 1 (V) Voltage Trial 2 (V) Voltage Trial 3 (V) Average Voltage (V) Average Resistance(à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) 0.00 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.0880 0.025 0.032 0.028 0.028 0.318 0.20 0.088 0.087 0.087 0.0875 0.276 0.272 0.264 0.270 3.068 0.40 0.088 0.087 0.087 0.0875 0.523 0.518 0.526 0.523 5.943 0.60 0.088 0.088 0.089 0.0885 0.775 0.772 0.762 0.770 8.75 0.80 0.087 0.084 0.083 0.0855 0.960 0.920 0.950 0.943 10.71 1.00 0.088 0.086 0.087 0.0860 1.120 1.122 1.120 1.120 12.72 1.20 0.088 0.089 0.088 0.0885 1.450 1.450 1.450 1.450 16.47 Resistance coefficent @ 1.1010-6 ¦m @ wire area of Wire Length (m) Current Trial 1 (A) Current Trial 2 (A) Current Trial 3 (A) Average Current Voltage Trial 1 (V) Voltage Trial 2 (V) Voltage Trial 3 (V) Average Voltage (V) Average Resistance(à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦) 0.00 0.088 0.080 0.088 0.0850 0.050 0.056 0.054 0.055 0.625 0.20 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.0880 0.340 0.340 0.340 0.340 3.863 0.40 0.089 0.088 0.088 0.0885 0.599 0.659 0.659 0.659 7.488 0.60 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.0880 0.860 0.910 0.910 0.910 10.34 0.80 0.087 0.087 0.088 0.0875 1.134 1.234 1.233 1.233 14.01 1.00 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.0880 1.340 1.642 1.642 1.642 20.52 1.20 0.088 0.089 0.088 0.0885 1.601 1.601 1.601 1.601 26.008 From the results It is nearly impossible to get perfect results as the independent are not able to be controlled. [AR22] When the wire was at 0.20m, the resistance was 3.865 ÃŽÂ © and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 3.068 ÃŽÂ © Knowing that per the original hypothesis that the wider the cross sectional, less resistance. So, when the wire was at 0.20m, it agrees with the hypothesis. Comparing the theoretical data to the actual results when the wire was 3.46e-5m were surprisingly close. Knowing that the result was 3.068 ÃŽÂ © and the theoretical data was 3.00 ÃŽÂ ©.[AR23] When the wire was at 0.40m, the resistance was 7.488 ÃŽÂ © and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 5.943 ÃŽÂ ©. Again, agreeing with the hypothesis. The theoretical data was also close the actual result. If the length of an electrical conductor increases, then the conductors resistance will increase was stated in my hypothesis and was supported by the results as the length increased to 0.40m and the end result of the resistance was increased from 3.865 to 7.488 When the wire was at 0.60m, the resistance was 10.34 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 8.75 When the wire was at 0.80m, the resistance was 14.01 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 10.71 When the wire was at 1.00m, the resistance was 20.52 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 12.72 When the wire was at 1.20m, the resistance was 26.008 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 16.47[AR24] There are many possible errors with this experiment Parallax view is the difference of where the objects apparent positioning is, changing due to the change in viewing angle. This may have caused a problem as the ammeter and voltmeter both have needled in front of the scale/numbers. To get the correct numbers while using both these measuring instruments, it was a necessity to read the numbers perpendicular to both the ammeter and voltmeter. The makers of both of these instruments have thought of this and there will often will be a reflective strip below the scale so that the user can line up the real pointer with the pointer reflection so they know that their eye is perpendicular to the surface. Another simpler solution would be to use digital devices that tell you the exact number, leaving out the ability for human error. Whenever a conductor has a current flowing through it, the resistance will generate heat, which then makes the conductor more resistive. In a conductor like nichrome, used in heating elements because of its high resistivity, it takes longer for it to heat up and to reach a resistance that is stable. If the resistance was measured when it wasnt stable, then you would receive results that were lower than the actual value. The obvious solution to this is to wait a little bit after the power supply is turned on so the wire has time to heat up or to use a thermometer to make sure that the wire is the same temperature. [AR26](Electrical4u.com, 2016) Another error was the length of the wire. Even though the wire was as straight as possible when put into the circuit, there were still slight bends in the nichrome wire making slightly longer than the actually measurement. This would affect the results as instead of the wire being exactly 0.80m; it might be 0.83m, which would be enough to change the resistance total. Another error that I was faced with is, If a wire is bent past its minimum bend radius, the cross-sectional area of the damaged section will be smaller. Because a bent wire has a smaller cross sectional area, its resistance will increase. This applies to the experiment in terms of wire degradation and wire handling. The wires need to be of a consistent cross sectional area, otherwise, the results will inaccurate.[AR27] [AR28] References   Ã‚   Physicsclassroom.com. (2016). Ohms Law. [online] Available at: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-3/Ohm-s-Law (Accessed 5 Mar 17). Physicsclassroom.com. (2016). Resistance. [online] Available at: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-3/Resistance (Accessed 5 Mar 17). Pic Wire Cable. (2016). Cable Bend Radius | Coaxial Cable Bend Radius | Triaxial Cable Bend Radius. [online] Available at: http://www.picwire.com/technical/bend_radius.php [Accessed 14 Nov. 2016].at: http://www.picwire.com/technical/bend_radius.php (Accessed 5 Mar 17). Crash Course, (2016). Electric Current: Crash Course Physics #28. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXOok3mfMLMlist=PL8dPuuaLjXtN0ge7yDk_UA0ldZJdhwkoVindex=28 (Accessed 5 Mar 17). Electrical4u.com. (2016). Joules Law of Heating | Electrical4u. [online] Available at: http://www.electrical4u.com/joules-law/ (Accessed 5 Mar 17). [AR1]Put more detail into your abstract. See the document online titled Deadly EEI. They have a whole section abstracts: An abstract is a paragraph, that if read by itself, summarises the project in the least possible words (usually 100 200). It should include the aim, principles/techniques employed and a very brief statement of your results and conclusions. The criteria used will be: The abstract is a clear, concise, accurate representation of the project, linking the main ideas together well without added interpretation or criticism, misunderstandings or unnecessary details. 1.Begin with a topic sentence that is the major thesis (the Aim). 2.Purpose: state the research question and hypotheses 2.Method: the design 3.Results: concisely 4.Conclusions: implications of results. Can be recommendations, evaluations, applications, suggestions, new relationships, and hypotheses accepted or rejected. 5.Other information incidental findings to the main purpose of the document but must not distract attention from main theme. [AR2]Clearly presented. Well chosen subjects. Need more variety of communication methods. Eg tables, graphs, images, diagrams, to support explanation. [AR3]You should discuss the formulae that links the variables for length and cross-sectional area here so your preliminary calculations make better sense. [AR4]How do you calculate area? [AR5]Good analogies. Again, use diagrams to support this. [AR6]= and? [AR7]Make sure you explain whats happening, why this data was chosen, etc. [AR8]Your table isnt clearly labelled. If this is the resistivity of the wire, state as much in the table. Why did you label it as the resistance coefficient? [AR9]This is just the same table. [AR10]Describe the relationship here. Logarithmic? Linear? [AR11]This part just refers to length, not resistance. [AR12]Probably worth a C for your hypothsis. You can increase that by addressing the above points. [AR13]These elements of your method are good, but its incomplete. You never said where you varied the length of the wire, for instance. [AR14]Ensure you have someone proof read your draft before you submit it to pick up grammatical errors and run-on sentences. [AR15]Good use of diagram. [AR16]Good explanation of equipment used. [AR17]Safety issues in detail. Good [AR18]Youll need to graph your results and put it beside your theoretical data for comparison in order to achieve the highest grade here. [AR19]Extensive results. Good. [AR20]This table is missing average current [AR21]Youre just stating the results of the experiment. You should be exploring patterns and trends as well as anomalies. Ie as the diameter increasedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or as the length increasedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Without this, you may not pass this section. [AR22]Didnt you control them? [AR23]Include units for resistance here. Cut and paste this one: ÃŽÂ © [AR24]Wheres your conclusion? [AR25]This is decent. Probably a C. Remember to suggest what can be explored from here eg. A modified hypothesis. [AR26]Did you not do this? [AR27]Good. [AR28]Put this near the relevant section [AR29].Bibliography. Your list and formatting is sufficient for a B. Summary: Ryan, you can improve your grade with the following: Remove plagiarism. Rewrite in your own words. Include more diagrams in the introduction. Explain what youre doing more thoroughly in the preliminary calculations. Reword your hypothesis more accurately. Finish your method. Add graphs to your results section. Analyse and discuss trends in your discussion/conclusion. Include a conclusion that links to the hypothesis. Plus anything else Ive missed up there. Without knowing how much youve cut and pasted from other sources its impossible to tell a grade, but Im estimating between a C and a D. Its possible to improve what you have here up to about a B. Godspeed.